Adolescent Development Final Exam
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
What 3 major types that occur during adolescence? Explain what they are and how they relate to
culture. - Correct answers✔✔Biological Processess involve physical changes in an individuals
body. Genes inherited from parents, the development of the brain, height and weight gains,
advances in motor skills, and the hormonal changes of puberty all reflect biological processes.
Cognitive processes involve changes in an individuals thinking and intelligence. Memorizing a
poem, solving a math problem, and imagining what being a movie star would be like al reflect
cognitive processes. Socioemotional processes involve changes in a individuals emotions,
personality, relationships with others, and social contexts. Biological, cognitive, and
socioemotional process are intricately interwoven. Socioemotional processes shape cognitive
processes advance or restrict socioemotional processes; and biological processes influence
cognitive processes.
What are the 3 major models discussed in class? Explain differences in terms of the cause of
behavior and how the behavioral change occurs. - Correct answers✔✔(1) Nature vs. Nurture.
Nature refers to an organism's biological inheritance, nurture to its environmental experience.
"Nature" proponents claim that the most important influence on development is biological
inheritance. "Nurture" proponents claim that environmental experiences are the most important
influence. (2) Continuity vs. Discontinuity. This issues focusses on the extent to which
developmental involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct stages
(discontinuity). (3)Early and Later Experience. This issues focusses on the degree to which early
experiences (especially early in childhood) or later experiences are the key determinants of
development. Some emphasize that unless infants experiences warm, nurturant caregiving in the
first year or so of life, their development will need be optimal.
Explain the differences between the experimental and correlational methods of research in terms
of what each allows us to conclude and why? - Correct answers✔✔In experimental methods of
research they study causality. An experiment is a carefully regulated procedure in which 1 or
more factors believed to influence the behavior being studied are manipulated, while all other
factors are held constant. The independent variable is the factor that is manipulated. The
dependent variable is the factor that is measured; it can change as the independent variable is
manipulated. In correlational research, the goal is to describe the strength of the relationship
,between 2 or more events or characteristics. Correlation coefficient a number based on a
statistical analysis that is used to describe the degree of association between 2 variables.
Why do deviant maturation affect adolescents in terms of their personality development? -
Correct answers✔✔Deviant maturation can affect personality development, how we treat them.
For females, early maturation is bad and late maturation is good. Early development girls are
short and fat and late development girls are tall and thin.
What is adolescent egocentrism? Explain how it is expressed. - Correct answers✔✔Adolescent
egocentrism is the heightened self-consciousness of adolescents, which is reflected in their belief
that others are as interested in them as they themselves are, and in their sense of personal
uniqueness and invulnerability. David Elkind argues that adolescent egocentrism can be
dissected into two types of social thinking- imaginary audience and personal fable. The
imaginary audience refers to the aspect of adolescent egocentrism that involves attention-getting
behavior-the attempt to be noticed, visible and "onstage." The personal fable is the part of
adolescent egocentrism that involves an adolescent's sense of personal uniqueness and
invulnerability.
Little Suzie is 8 years old. She recently took an IQ test on which her score equaled that of a 10
year old. How would you calculate her IQ score? Where would her score be comparable to other
8 year olds? - Correct answers✔✔To calculate her IQ score it would be mental age/chronological
age=100. You would then divide the age groups with the standard normal scores for age groups.
It is tested on speed, efficiency, and accuracy.
Discuss the democratic and permissive styles of parenting. What are the most likely affects of
these styles on developing adolescents? - Correct answers✔✔Democratic style of parenting is
where the child and the parent come up with a set of rules and discuss what is good for both of
them, but the parent has final say. Permissive style of parenting is where the parents don't have a
role at all, the kids make all the rules. Permissive parents don't want any conflict, so they don't
care what the child does. Permissive parents have independent and delinquent kids and it just
messes up their life. Democratic parents have confident and independent children who have a
good life and can handle authority.
, Why does conformity increase during early adolescence? - Correct answers✔✔Conformity
increases in adolescence because adolescents begin to break away from their family and begin
attaching to their peers. Adolescents want to feel like they belong somewhere, so they begin
joining peers and friends that make them feel worthy and important. Peers give adolescents
different values and views that they can't get from their family.
Explain desatelization and the steps involved in the process? - Correct answers✔✔It means
breaking away from the family. The 3 steps are: (1) resatelization which they start breaking
away, shifting allegiances to peers. (2) attempting to earn status, doing things to get recognition
from activities of own choosing. (3) being exploratory, becoming independent, possible choices
in life.
Discuss 4 factors that can affect an adolescents success in school? - Correct answers✔✔(1)
Vocational training in school, people may learn what they want to do in school and get training
for so they sometimes and don't need college because they already have what they need (certain
jobs). (2) classes and school held for handicapped and gifted students, because of IDEA, schools
now have programs available for handicapped and gifted students to get the attention that they
need. (3) Person-environment fit, teachers become more impersonal at a time when students are
seeking more independence from their parents and need more support from other adults. (4)
extracurricular activities, participation in extracurricular activities is linked to higher grades,
school engagement, less likelihood of dropping out of school, improved probability of going to
college, higher self-esteem, etc.
Why did Erikson see adolescence as a particularly important time in development? - Correct
answers✔✔Because we develop our identity during adolescence and we find out what we are
about. Erikson also said not only are we finding out about ourselves, we are trying to understand
our true and false selves. Also we are doing things that could affect our future. In one view, an
important aspect of the ideal or imagined self is the possible self: what individuals might
become, what they would like to become and what they are afraid of becoming.
Discuss parental response to sex appropriate and sex inappropriate behavior in their children. -
Correct answers✔✔In the past, Males: instrumental (accomplished things objectively) (Agentic
orientation), Females: expressive (took car of others, caretakers) (communal orientation).
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
What 3 major types that occur during adolescence? Explain what they are and how they relate to
culture. - Correct answers✔✔Biological Processess involve physical changes in an individuals
body. Genes inherited from parents, the development of the brain, height and weight gains,
advances in motor skills, and the hormonal changes of puberty all reflect biological processes.
Cognitive processes involve changes in an individuals thinking and intelligence. Memorizing a
poem, solving a math problem, and imagining what being a movie star would be like al reflect
cognitive processes. Socioemotional processes involve changes in a individuals emotions,
personality, relationships with others, and social contexts. Biological, cognitive, and
socioemotional process are intricately interwoven. Socioemotional processes shape cognitive
processes advance or restrict socioemotional processes; and biological processes influence
cognitive processes.
What are the 3 major models discussed in class? Explain differences in terms of the cause of
behavior and how the behavioral change occurs. - Correct answers✔✔(1) Nature vs. Nurture.
Nature refers to an organism's biological inheritance, nurture to its environmental experience.
"Nature" proponents claim that the most important influence on development is biological
inheritance. "Nurture" proponents claim that environmental experiences are the most important
influence. (2) Continuity vs. Discontinuity. This issues focusses on the extent to which
developmental involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct stages
(discontinuity). (3)Early and Later Experience. This issues focusses on the degree to which early
experiences (especially early in childhood) or later experiences are the key determinants of
development. Some emphasize that unless infants experiences warm, nurturant caregiving in the
first year or so of life, their development will need be optimal.
Explain the differences between the experimental and correlational methods of research in terms
of what each allows us to conclude and why? - Correct answers✔✔In experimental methods of
research they study causality. An experiment is a carefully regulated procedure in which 1 or
more factors believed to influence the behavior being studied are manipulated, while all other
factors are held constant. The independent variable is the factor that is manipulated. The
dependent variable is the factor that is measured; it can change as the independent variable is
manipulated. In correlational research, the goal is to describe the strength of the relationship
,between 2 or more events or characteristics. Correlation coefficient a number based on a
statistical analysis that is used to describe the degree of association between 2 variables.
Why do deviant maturation affect adolescents in terms of their personality development? -
Correct answers✔✔Deviant maturation can affect personality development, how we treat them.
For females, early maturation is bad and late maturation is good. Early development girls are
short and fat and late development girls are tall and thin.
What is adolescent egocentrism? Explain how it is expressed. - Correct answers✔✔Adolescent
egocentrism is the heightened self-consciousness of adolescents, which is reflected in their belief
that others are as interested in them as they themselves are, and in their sense of personal
uniqueness and invulnerability. David Elkind argues that adolescent egocentrism can be
dissected into two types of social thinking- imaginary audience and personal fable. The
imaginary audience refers to the aspect of adolescent egocentrism that involves attention-getting
behavior-the attempt to be noticed, visible and "onstage." The personal fable is the part of
adolescent egocentrism that involves an adolescent's sense of personal uniqueness and
invulnerability.
Little Suzie is 8 years old. She recently took an IQ test on which her score equaled that of a 10
year old. How would you calculate her IQ score? Where would her score be comparable to other
8 year olds? - Correct answers✔✔To calculate her IQ score it would be mental age/chronological
age=100. You would then divide the age groups with the standard normal scores for age groups.
It is tested on speed, efficiency, and accuracy.
Discuss the democratic and permissive styles of parenting. What are the most likely affects of
these styles on developing adolescents? - Correct answers✔✔Democratic style of parenting is
where the child and the parent come up with a set of rules and discuss what is good for both of
them, but the parent has final say. Permissive style of parenting is where the parents don't have a
role at all, the kids make all the rules. Permissive parents don't want any conflict, so they don't
care what the child does. Permissive parents have independent and delinquent kids and it just
messes up their life. Democratic parents have confident and independent children who have a
good life and can handle authority.
, Why does conformity increase during early adolescence? - Correct answers✔✔Conformity
increases in adolescence because adolescents begin to break away from their family and begin
attaching to their peers. Adolescents want to feel like they belong somewhere, so they begin
joining peers and friends that make them feel worthy and important. Peers give adolescents
different values and views that they can't get from their family.
Explain desatelization and the steps involved in the process? - Correct answers✔✔It means
breaking away from the family. The 3 steps are: (1) resatelization which they start breaking
away, shifting allegiances to peers. (2) attempting to earn status, doing things to get recognition
from activities of own choosing. (3) being exploratory, becoming independent, possible choices
in life.
Discuss 4 factors that can affect an adolescents success in school? - Correct answers✔✔(1)
Vocational training in school, people may learn what they want to do in school and get training
for so they sometimes and don't need college because they already have what they need (certain
jobs). (2) classes and school held for handicapped and gifted students, because of IDEA, schools
now have programs available for handicapped and gifted students to get the attention that they
need. (3) Person-environment fit, teachers become more impersonal at a time when students are
seeking more independence from their parents and need more support from other adults. (4)
extracurricular activities, participation in extracurricular activities is linked to higher grades,
school engagement, less likelihood of dropping out of school, improved probability of going to
college, higher self-esteem, etc.
Why did Erikson see adolescence as a particularly important time in development? - Correct
answers✔✔Because we develop our identity during adolescence and we find out what we are
about. Erikson also said not only are we finding out about ourselves, we are trying to understand
our true and false selves. Also we are doing things that could affect our future. In one view, an
important aspect of the ideal or imagined self is the possible self: what individuals might
become, what they would like to become and what they are afraid of becoming.
Discuss parental response to sex appropriate and sex inappropriate behavior in their children. -
Correct answers✔✔In the past, Males: instrumental (accomplished things objectively) (Agentic
orientation), Females: expressive (took car of others, caretakers) (communal orientation).
