BIO 116 Exam 1 Questions with
Complete Solutions
Why are most viruses host specific? a. Viruses infect the first cell that they
encounter.
b. Weaker host cells are more susceptible to a virus.
c. Viruses only recognize specific receptor proteins.
d. The initial choice is random, but once a cell is chosen it becomes the preferred
host. - ANSWER-c. viruses only recognize specific receptor proteins
Correctly sequence the lytic cycle.
I. Destruction of host cell plasma membrane
II. Interaction between proteins on capsid and receptors on host cell plasma
membrane
III. Viral DNA enters cell
IV. Synthesis of capsomeres
V. Self-assembly - ANSWER-II -> III -> IV -> V -> I
Identify which of the following are components of prokaryotic cells.
a. Mitochondria
b. Cellulose cell wall
c. Nucleus
d. Ribosomes - ANSWER-d. ribosomes
Correctly sequence the process of binary fission.
I. Daughter cells separate
II. Origin of replication begins replicating
III. Chromosomes move to opposite ends of cell
IV. Cell elongates - ANSWER-II -> III -> IV -> I
Identify which of the following contribute to high levels of genetic variation in a
population sexually reproducing prokaryotes.
I. Rapid reproduction
II. Mutation
III. Meiosis
IV. Transduction
V. Heterokaryons - ANSWER-a. I, II, IV
Compare and contrast transduction, transformation, and conjugation in bacteria.
Which statements are TRUE?
I. Only conjugation involves a plasmid
II. All three are mechanisms of vertical gene transfer
III. All three are mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer
IV. Only transduction uses a phage to transport DNA
, V. All three result in increased genetic diversity - ANSWER-I, III, IV, V
Compare and contrast Bacteria and Archaea. Which of the following statements are
TRUE?
I. Only Bacteria have peptidoglycan cell walls.
II. Archaea are more often associated with extreme environments.
III. Bacteria must be aerobic; Archaea can be aerobic or anaerobic.
IV. Bacteria are more closely related to eukaryotes than Archaea. - ANSWER-I & II
An elephant in the zoo has been diagnosed with a bacterial infection. Hypothesize
the likely mode of action of the drug that the veterinarian prescribes. The drug:
a. targets ribosomes so that they no longer function.
b. disrupts capsid formation.
c. destroys peptidoglycan.
d. cleaves single-stranded DNA. - ANSWER-c. destroys peptidoglycan
Clostridium botulinum is a bacterium that is an obligate anaerobe and a
chemoheterotroph. Based on this information, which of the following must be TRUE
about this organism?
I. Its mitochondria use oxygen for respiration.
II. Its carbon comes from an inorganic source
III. It requires at least one organic nutrient
IV. Its energy comes from a chemical source
V. It can produce ATP - ANSWER-III, IV, V
Identify which of the following can be found in eukaryotic cells.
I. Plastids
II. Peptidoglycan cell wall
III. Nucleus
IV. Ribosomes - ANSWER-I, III, IV
Identify the derived trait of all eukaryotic cells that is the result of primary
endosymbiosis.
a. Mitochondria
b. Endomembrane system
c. Nucleus
d. Plasma membrane - ANSWER-a. mitochondria
Identify which characteristics are shared by Hexamastix termites (an excavate) and
Macrocystis pyrifera (a member of the SAR clade).
I. Hydrogenosomes
II. "Hairy" flagellum
III. DNA
IV. Phycoerythrin
V. Plasma membrane - ANSWER-III & V
Identify which of the following pieces of evidence support the theory of
endosymbiosis.
I. Plastids have their own DNA.
II. Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
Complete Solutions
Why are most viruses host specific? a. Viruses infect the first cell that they
encounter.
b. Weaker host cells are more susceptible to a virus.
c. Viruses only recognize specific receptor proteins.
d. The initial choice is random, but once a cell is chosen it becomes the preferred
host. - ANSWER-c. viruses only recognize specific receptor proteins
Correctly sequence the lytic cycle.
I. Destruction of host cell plasma membrane
II. Interaction between proteins on capsid and receptors on host cell plasma
membrane
III. Viral DNA enters cell
IV. Synthesis of capsomeres
V. Self-assembly - ANSWER-II -> III -> IV -> V -> I
Identify which of the following are components of prokaryotic cells.
a. Mitochondria
b. Cellulose cell wall
c. Nucleus
d. Ribosomes - ANSWER-d. ribosomes
Correctly sequence the process of binary fission.
I. Daughter cells separate
II. Origin of replication begins replicating
III. Chromosomes move to opposite ends of cell
IV. Cell elongates - ANSWER-II -> III -> IV -> I
Identify which of the following contribute to high levels of genetic variation in a
population sexually reproducing prokaryotes.
I. Rapid reproduction
II. Mutation
III. Meiosis
IV. Transduction
V. Heterokaryons - ANSWER-a. I, II, IV
Compare and contrast transduction, transformation, and conjugation in bacteria.
Which statements are TRUE?
I. Only conjugation involves a plasmid
II. All three are mechanisms of vertical gene transfer
III. All three are mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer
IV. Only transduction uses a phage to transport DNA
, V. All three result in increased genetic diversity - ANSWER-I, III, IV, V
Compare and contrast Bacteria and Archaea. Which of the following statements are
TRUE?
I. Only Bacteria have peptidoglycan cell walls.
II. Archaea are more often associated with extreme environments.
III. Bacteria must be aerobic; Archaea can be aerobic or anaerobic.
IV. Bacteria are more closely related to eukaryotes than Archaea. - ANSWER-I & II
An elephant in the zoo has been diagnosed with a bacterial infection. Hypothesize
the likely mode of action of the drug that the veterinarian prescribes. The drug:
a. targets ribosomes so that they no longer function.
b. disrupts capsid formation.
c. destroys peptidoglycan.
d. cleaves single-stranded DNA. - ANSWER-c. destroys peptidoglycan
Clostridium botulinum is a bacterium that is an obligate anaerobe and a
chemoheterotroph. Based on this information, which of the following must be TRUE
about this organism?
I. Its mitochondria use oxygen for respiration.
II. Its carbon comes from an inorganic source
III. It requires at least one organic nutrient
IV. Its energy comes from a chemical source
V. It can produce ATP - ANSWER-III, IV, V
Identify which of the following can be found in eukaryotic cells.
I. Plastids
II. Peptidoglycan cell wall
III. Nucleus
IV. Ribosomes - ANSWER-I, III, IV
Identify the derived trait of all eukaryotic cells that is the result of primary
endosymbiosis.
a. Mitochondria
b. Endomembrane system
c. Nucleus
d. Plasma membrane - ANSWER-a. mitochondria
Identify which characteristics are shared by Hexamastix termites (an excavate) and
Macrocystis pyrifera (a member of the SAR clade).
I. Hydrogenosomes
II. "Hairy" flagellum
III. DNA
IV. Phycoerythrin
V. Plasma membrane - ANSWER-III & V
Identify which of the following pieces of evidence support the theory of
endosymbiosis.
I. Plastids have their own DNA.
II. Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
