BIO 116 Exam Review Questions and
Answers
What composes a triglyceride/triacylglycerol? - ANSWER-An ester derived from
glycerol and three fatty acids
What is the difference between dehydration and hydrolysis? - ANSWER-Dehydration
is synthesizing a polymer- you remove H2O and form a new bond. Hydrolysis is
breaking down a polymer- you add H2O and break a bond.
A __________________ is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two
monosaccharides This covalent bond is called a _________________. - ANSWER-
disaccharide , glycosidic linkage.
Carbohydrates can serve as ______ and _______material. - ANSWER-fuel and
building material.
Chromatin is made up of what? - ANSWER-DNA and proteins
Chromatin is only coiled tightly into chromosomes during DNA replication -
ANSWER-True
The nucleus has an inner and outer membrane with nuclear pores transcribed
mRNA can leave through - ANSWER-True
Rough ER functions - ANSWER-Membrane factory for the cell, Distributes transport
vesicles (secretory proteins surrounded by membranes), Secrete glycoproteins from
ribosomes
Smooth ER functions - ANSWER-Synthesize lipids, Store calcium ions, Metabolize
carbohydrates, Detoxify drugs and poisons
Golgi apparatus is in charge of - ANSWER-shipping and receiving
The Golgi apparatus modifies products from the - ANSWER-endoplasmic reticulum.
The Golgi apparatus manufactures certain - ANSWER-macromolecules
The Golgi apparatus sorts and packages materials into - ANSWER-transport
vesicles
Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, a metabolic process that uses
_________ to generate ATP. - ANSWER-Oxygen
, Thylakoids are the site of ____________ in plants and algae. - ANSWER-
Photosynthesis
Mitochondria and chloroplasts both have _________ membranes. - ANSWER-
Double
Animal cells and ___________ cells have mitochondria. - ANSWER-Plant cells
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have _______ and ___________ - ANSWER-DNA
and Ribosomes
The cytoskeleton helps to _________ the cell and maintain its ________ -
ANSWER-Support and Shape
The cytoskeleton interacts with ________ to produce __________ - ANSWER-motor
proteins, cell motility
Inside the cell,_______ and other _______ can use motor protein "feet" to travel
along tracks provided by the cytoskeleton. - ANSWER-vesicles, organelles
Centrosomes are involved in animal cell division. - ANSWER-True
In animal cells, microtubules grow out from a centrosome near the nucleus. -
ANSWER-True
Neighboring cells in tissues, organs, or organ systems often ______, ______, and
_________ through direct physical contact. - ANSWER-adhere, interact, and
communicate
____________ are channels that connect plant cells. - ANSWER-Plasmodesmata
At _____ ________ in animal cells, membranes of neighboring cells are pressed
together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid. - ANSWER-tight junctions
___________ (anchoring junctions) fasten cells together in strong sheets. -
ANSWER-Desmosomes
Gap junctions (___________ _________) provide cytoplasmic channels between
adjacent cells - ANSWER-communicating junctions
What components make up the cell membrane? - ANSWER-Lipids, proteins, and
carbohydrates
What are the 2 major types of membrane proteins? - ANSWER-Peripheral proteins:
bound to the surface of the membrane
Integral proteins: penetrate into the hydrophobic core
_____________ regions of an integral protein consist of nonpolar amino acids, often
coiled into α helices - ANSWER-Hydrophobic
Answers
What composes a triglyceride/triacylglycerol? - ANSWER-An ester derived from
glycerol and three fatty acids
What is the difference between dehydration and hydrolysis? - ANSWER-Dehydration
is synthesizing a polymer- you remove H2O and form a new bond. Hydrolysis is
breaking down a polymer- you add H2O and break a bond.
A __________________ is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two
monosaccharides This covalent bond is called a _________________. - ANSWER-
disaccharide , glycosidic linkage.
Carbohydrates can serve as ______ and _______material. - ANSWER-fuel and
building material.
Chromatin is made up of what? - ANSWER-DNA and proteins
Chromatin is only coiled tightly into chromosomes during DNA replication -
ANSWER-True
The nucleus has an inner and outer membrane with nuclear pores transcribed
mRNA can leave through - ANSWER-True
Rough ER functions - ANSWER-Membrane factory for the cell, Distributes transport
vesicles (secretory proteins surrounded by membranes), Secrete glycoproteins from
ribosomes
Smooth ER functions - ANSWER-Synthesize lipids, Store calcium ions, Metabolize
carbohydrates, Detoxify drugs and poisons
Golgi apparatus is in charge of - ANSWER-shipping and receiving
The Golgi apparatus modifies products from the - ANSWER-endoplasmic reticulum.
The Golgi apparatus manufactures certain - ANSWER-macromolecules
The Golgi apparatus sorts and packages materials into - ANSWER-transport
vesicles
Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, a metabolic process that uses
_________ to generate ATP. - ANSWER-Oxygen
, Thylakoids are the site of ____________ in plants and algae. - ANSWER-
Photosynthesis
Mitochondria and chloroplasts both have _________ membranes. - ANSWER-
Double
Animal cells and ___________ cells have mitochondria. - ANSWER-Plant cells
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have _______ and ___________ - ANSWER-DNA
and Ribosomes
The cytoskeleton helps to _________ the cell and maintain its ________ -
ANSWER-Support and Shape
The cytoskeleton interacts with ________ to produce __________ - ANSWER-motor
proteins, cell motility
Inside the cell,_______ and other _______ can use motor protein "feet" to travel
along tracks provided by the cytoskeleton. - ANSWER-vesicles, organelles
Centrosomes are involved in animal cell division. - ANSWER-True
In animal cells, microtubules grow out from a centrosome near the nucleus. -
ANSWER-True
Neighboring cells in tissues, organs, or organ systems often ______, ______, and
_________ through direct physical contact. - ANSWER-adhere, interact, and
communicate
____________ are channels that connect plant cells. - ANSWER-Plasmodesmata
At _____ ________ in animal cells, membranes of neighboring cells are pressed
together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid. - ANSWER-tight junctions
___________ (anchoring junctions) fasten cells together in strong sheets. -
ANSWER-Desmosomes
Gap junctions (___________ _________) provide cytoplasmic channels between
adjacent cells - ANSWER-communicating junctions
What components make up the cell membrane? - ANSWER-Lipids, proteins, and
carbohydrates
What are the 2 major types of membrane proteins? - ANSWER-Peripheral proteins:
bound to the surface of the membrane
Integral proteins: penetrate into the hydrophobic core
_____________ regions of an integral protein consist of nonpolar amino acids, often
coiled into α helices - ANSWER-Hydrophobic
