INSTRUCTOR MANUAL FOR
OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN DECISIONS &
CASES, 8th Edition
Chapter 1-18
Chapter 1
The Operations Function
Teaching Notes
This chapter is aimed at providing an overall framework for the textbook and the field of
operations and supply chain management. A new section is added on the role of operations and
supply chain management in the economy and in the firm. The chapter provides a framework
that serves as a beneficial way of organizing students' understanding of five major operations and
supply chain management decision types: process, quality, capacity, inventory and supply chain.
The cross-functional view of operations management (OM) is also introduced in this chapter to
provide relevance for the course in particular for non-majors. When operations management is
related to marketing and finance as a major business function, all students readily understand the
role of operations and supply chain in business.
In teaching this chapter, we highlight the important role that OM and supply chains play
in the economy and the firm. The five decision areas in operations and supply chain and the
importance of cross-functional decision making are emphasized. We also spend some time
discussing the importance of both services and manufacturing, and how business operations are
managed within larger, multi-organization supply chains. We introduce the concept of
contingencies and explain that the textbook includes information on when particular OM
activities are „best practices‟ and when they are not. We also define analytics and explain how
analytics is used in operations and supply chain management decisions. Finally, we illustrate
major OM and supply chain decisions using the Pizza U.S.A. example, as well as in other types
of businesses. Students may find the typical jobs in OM and supply chain from Monster.com (in
a Chapter 1 Operations Leader box).
The Learning Enrichment section at the end of the chapter provides videos and/or websites that
students can access outside of class or instructors can use in class. These resources help bring
the chapter materials to life, and tap into student interest.
Learning Enrichment (for self-study or instructor assignments)
What is Operations Management Video
https://youtu.be/leMOReAE2hk 5:19
Supply Chain Management: A Force for Good. Video
https://youtu.be/Bl0UhiOvrdc 5:01
Coca Cola: Supply Chain Video
https://youtu.be/UBSOiHUctrY 2:29
1-1
, Sustainability Web
https://www.epa.gov/sustainability/learn-about-sustainability#what Link
Globablization Web
http://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/ Link
Answers #zto #zQuestions
1. Operations #zand #zsupply #zchain #zmanagement #zis #zubiquitous, #zthat #zis #zpresent #zin #zevery
#zorganization. # z Daily, #zwe #zcome #zin #zcontact #zwith #zvarious #zgoods #zand #zservices
#zproduced #zby #zthe #ztransformation #zof #zinputs #zto #zoutputs #zunder #zthe #zcontrol #zof
#zoperations #zmanagers. # z Operations #zand #zsupply #zchain #zmanagement #zis #za #zcore
#zbusiness #zfunction #zalong #zwith #zmarketing #zand #zfinance. # z All #zdecisions #zare #zcross-
functional #zin #znature. # z You #zwill #zbe #zinteracting #zwith #zthe #zoperations #zfunction #zno
#zmatter #zwhat #zcareer #z you #zchoose. # z Much #zof #zwhat #zis #zlearned #zrelated #zto #zoperations
#zand #zsupply #zchain #zmanagement #zcan #zbe #zapplied #zto #zother #zfunctions.
2. Operations #zmanagement #zis #za #zbroader #zterm #zthan #zproduction #zmanagement,
#zencompassing #zservice #zorganizations #zas #zwell #zas #zmanufacturing. # z Operations
#zmanagement #zis #zalso #za #zmore #zrecent #zterm #zreplacing #zthe #zearlier #zterm #zproduction
#zmanagement.
3. The #zdifference #zbetween #zoperations #zand #zsupply #zchain #zmanagement #zis #zoperations
#zmanagement #zfocuses #zon #zdecisions #zto #zmanage #zthe #ztransformation #zprocess #zthat
#zconverts #zinputs #zinto #zdesired #zfinished #zgoods #zor #zservices #zwithin #za #zsingle #zfirm.
# z Operations #zmanagement #zoccurs #zwithin #zand #zacross #zmultiple #zfacilities #zin #zan
#zorganization. # z Supply #zchain #zmanagement #zrelates #zto #zthe #znetwork #zof #zmanufacturing
#zand #zservice #zoperations #zthat #zsupply #zeach #zother #zfrom #zraw #zmaterials #zthrough
#zmanufacturing #zto #zthe #zultimate #zcustomer. # z The #zsupply #zchain #zconsists #zof #zthe #zflows
#zof #zmaterials, #zmoney, #zand #zinformation #zalong #zthe #zentire #zchain #zof #zsourcing,
#zproduction, #zand #zdistribution. # z The #zsupply #zchain #zlinks #zthe #zoperations #zof #zmany
#zdifferent #zorganizations #zin #zorder #zto #zsatisfy #zcustomer #zneeds.
4. Responsibilities #zdiffer #zamong #zoperations, #zmarketing #zand #zfinance #zmanagers. # z A
#zmarketing #zmanager #zidentifies #zdemand #zfor #zgoods #zor #zservices #zand #zdevelops #zthe
#zmarket, #zwhereas #zthe #zoperations #zmanager #zassures #zsupply #zof #zthe #zproducts #zor
#zservices. # z The #zfinance #zmanager #zacquires #zand #zallocates #zthe #zcapital #zresources #zfor
#zthe #zother #zfunctions. # z Similarities #zin #zthe #zthree #zfunctions #zinclude #zmanagerial
#zdecision #zmaking #zand #zshared #zorganizational #zgoals.
5. Operations, #zmarketing, #zand #zfinance #zare #zprimary #zfunctions #zof #zthe #zorganization.
# z Human #zresources, #zinformation #zsystems, #zand #zaccounting #zare #zsupporting #zfunctions
#zthat #zprovide #zresources #zand #zservices #zfor #zthe #zthree #zprimary #zfunctions. # z The
#zoperations #zmanager #zapplies #zresources, #zanalysis #zand #zinformation #zprovided #zby
#zsupporting #zfunctions #zand #zintegrates #zthem #zinto #zdecision #zmaking. # z The #zfocus #zof #zthe
#zoperations #zmanager #zis #zon #zdecision #zmaking #zrather #zthan #zon #zanalytic #zmethods.
6. a. # z # z The #zpurpose #zof #za #zcollege #zlibrary #zis #zto #zmake #zinformation #zavailable #zto
#zstudents #zand #zfaculty #zfor #zresearch #zand #zstudying. # z The #zoutput #zis #zthe #zbundle
#zof #zservices #zprovided #zalong #zwith #zfacilitating #zgoods: # z buildings, #zcomputers,
#zbooks, #zcatalogs #zand #zindices.
1-2
, Process # z -- # z facility # z layout # z considering # z book # z stacks, # z reference # z rooms,
# z computer #zaccess # z on-site # z and # z from # z off-site, # z degree # z of # z computer
# z use # z and # z procedures # z for
accessing #zand #zcirculating #zinformation. # z They #zmust #znot #zonly #zselect #zthe
#zappropriate #zprocess, #zbut #zmanage #zthe #zflow #zof #zusers #zand #zinformation.
Quality #z-- #zstandards #zof #zthe #zcollege #zlibrary #zprofession #zare #zadopted; #zquality
# z measures #zinclude: # z ratio #zof #zconsulting #zstaff #zhours #zto #zstudents, #zrate #zof
#znew #zbook # z and #zother #zmaterial #zpurchases, #znumber #zof #zcomplaints, #zstudent
#zsatisfaction.
Capacity #z-- #zforecasting #zof #zlibrary #zuser #zneeds #zcontributes #zto #zdecisions #zon
#zbuilding #zsize, #zvolume #zof #zspace #zfor #zstudy #zand #zmaterials, #zprint #zacquisitions,
#zcomputer #zwork #zstations, #zstaff #zhiring #zand #zscheduling #zof #zshifts.
Inventory #z-- #zdecisions #zconcerning #zthe #znumber #zof #zbooks, #zperiodicals, #zetc. #zto #zstock.
Supply #zChain #z– #zdecisions #zabout #zsourcing #zof #zmaterials #zand #zinformation.
# z Also, #zdecisions #zare #zmade #zabout #zbest #zto #zdistribute #zprinted #zand #zonline
#zmaterials, #zalong #zwith #zmoving #zmaterials #zand #zinformation #zinto #zthe #zlibrary.
b. The #zpurpose #zof #za #zhotel #zis #zto #zattract #zand #zsatisfy #zconventioneers #zand
#zovernight #zguests. # z The #zoutput #zis #zthe #zbundle #zof #zservices #zand #zgoods
#zprovided: # z overnight #zaccommodations, #zmaid #zservice, #zroom #zservice,
#ztelevision, #zpool, #zbar, #zcoffee #zshop.
Process #z-- #za #zset #zof #zprocesses #zfor #zreserving #zand #zpayment #zof #zrooms,
#zhousekeeping, #zrestaurant, #zrecreation #zservices, #zand #zongoing #zstudy #zof #zservice
#zmethods; #zthe #zpeople #zwho #zimplement #zthese #zprocesses #zincluding #zreceptionists,
#zaccountants, #zhousekeepers, #zand #zmaintenance #zworkers.
Quality #z-- #zhotel #zindustry #zstandards #zand #zthe #zmarket #zpositioning #zof #zthe #zhotel
#z(first #zclass #zvs. #zbudget) #zdetermine #zstandards; #zquality #zmeasures #zinclude
#znumber #zof #zreturn #zvisitors, #zconventions #zbooked, #zand #zratings #zby #zindustry
#zevaluators.
Capacity #z-- #znumber #zof #zunits #zand #zbeds; #zappropriate #zsize #zfor #zrestaurant, #zbar
#zand #zconvention #zhalls; #zstaffing #zfor #zhousekeeping, #zrestaurant #zand #zoffice.
# z Scheduling #zof #zthe #zworkforce #zis #zalso #zincluded.
Inventory #z-- #zgoods #zto #zmeet #zrequirements #zfor #zroom #zupkeep #z(towels, #zsheets,
#zetc.), #zconvention #zcatering #z(glasses, #zdishes, #zfood), #zrestaurant #zand #zbar.
Supply #zchain #z– #zdecisions #zabout #zsourcing #zthe #zvarious #zmaterials #zand #zservices
#zused #zby #zthe #zhotel. # z Logistics #zis #zabout #zmoving #zmaterials #zand #zservices #zto
#zthe #zhotel #zand #zthen #zreturn #zand #zrecycling #zof #zgoods.
c. The #zpurpose #zof #za #zsmall #zmanufacturing #zfirm #zis #zto #zprovide #zcustomers #zwith #za
#zquality #zproduct #zat #za #zreasonable #zprice. # z The #zoutput #zconsists #zof #znot #zonly #zthe
#zphysical #zgood #zbut #zalso #zany #zservices #zthat #zaccompany #zthe #zgood, #zsuch #zas
#zassistance #zin #zselecting #zthe #zgood #z(the #zshopping #zprocess) #zor #za #zwarranty.
1-3
, Process #z-- #zthe #zprocess #zof #zsecuring #zthe #zraw #zmaterials, #ztransforming #zand
#zassembling #zthem #zinto #za #zfinished #zgood, #zpackaging #zthe #zproduct, #zand
#zarranging #zfor #zits #zdelivery #zto #zcustomers.
Quality #z-- #zdefinition #zof #zquality #zstandards #zfor #zthe #zmanufactured #zgoods,
#zmeasurement #zof #zdeviations #zfrom #zdesign #zstandards, #zinspection #zand #zcontrol #zof
#zquality #zof #zinput #zmaterials, #zprevention #zof #zdefects.
Capacity #z-- #znumber #zof #zunits #zthe #zfacility #zis #zcapable #zof #zproducing #zper #zunit
#ztime, #zsize #zof #zinventory #zstorage, #zhiring #zof #zworkers #zand #zscheduling #zof #zshifts.
Inventory #z-- #zraw #zmaterial #zinputs, #zwork-in-process, #zand #zfinished #zgoods, #zused
#zto #zsmooth #zproduction #zand #zmeet #zcustomer #zneeds.
Supply #zchain #z– #zSourcing #zof #zmaterials #zand #zservices #zused #zin #zthe
#zmanufacturing #zprocess. #zThe #zdistribution #zand #zstorage #zto #zand #zfrom #zthe
#zmanufacturing #zplant.
7. a. Operation #z-- #zcollege #zlibr
Inputs #z-- #zlibrarians, #zstaff, #zlibrary #zfacilities #zand #zequipment, #zenergy, #zcapital.
Transformation #zprocess #z-- #zorganizing #zinformation, #zarranging #zmaterials #zfor
#zaccess, #zinteracting #zwith #zlibrary #zusers.
Outputs #z-- #zstudents #zand #zfaculty #zprovided #zwith #zresearch #zand #zstudy #zmaterials.
b. Operation #z-- #zhotel
Inputs #z-- #zfacilities, #zstaff, #zmaterials #zfor #zhousekeeping #zand #zfood #zpreparation,
#zcommunications #zequipment, #zenergy, #zcapital.
Transformation #zprocess #z-- #ztaking #zreservations, #zcheck-in #zand #zcheck-out
#zprocedures, #zproviding #za #zcomfortable #zexperience, #z cleaning #zrooms, #zand
#zproviding #zother #zservices.
Outputs #z-- #zcustomers #zsatisfied #zwith #zlodging #zand #zrelated #zservices.
c. Operation #z-- #zsmall #zmanufacturing #zfirm
Inputs #z-- #zraw #zmaterial, #zworkers, #zsupervisors, #zmanagement, #zwarehouse,
#zmanufacturing #zfacilities #zand #zequipment, #zenergy, #zcapital.
Transformation #zprocess #z-- #zordering #zraw #zmaterials, #ztransforming #zand
#zassembling #zraw #zmaterials #zinto #zfinal #zproduct, #zpackaging #zproduct, #ztaking
#zsupply #zorders, # z shipping #zproducts, #zwarehousing, #zdistribution #zand #zreturn
#zlogistics.
Outputs #z– #zthe #zproduct #zand #zcustomers #zsatisfied #zwith #zthe #zway #zthe #zproduct
#zappears #zand #zoperates.
The #zdecision-making #zview #zof #zoperations #zmanagement #zcategorizes #zand #zdefines #zdecision #zmaking #zfor #zthe #zoperations
#zfunction #zand #zthe #zassociated #zsupply #zchain #zaccording #zto #za #zgiven #zframework. # z The #zframework #zused #zhere, #zwhich
1-4
OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN DECISIONS &
CASES, 8th Edition
Chapter 1-18
Chapter 1
The Operations Function
Teaching Notes
This chapter is aimed at providing an overall framework for the textbook and the field of
operations and supply chain management. A new section is added on the role of operations and
supply chain management in the economy and in the firm. The chapter provides a framework
that serves as a beneficial way of organizing students' understanding of five major operations and
supply chain management decision types: process, quality, capacity, inventory and supply chain.
The cross-functional view of operations management (OM) is also introduced in this chapter to
provide relevance for the course in particular for non-majors. When operations management is
related to marketing and finance as a major business function, all students readily understand the
role of operations and supply chain in business.
In teaching this chapter, we highlight the important role that OM and supply chains play
in the economy and the firm. The five decision areas in operations and supply chain and the
importance of cross-functional decision making are emphasized. We also spend some time
discussing the importance of both services and manufacturing, and how business operations are
managed within larger, multi-organization supply chains. We introduce the concept of
contingencies and explain that the textbook includes information on when particular OM
activities are „best practices‟ and when they are not. We also define analytics and explain how
analytics is used in operations and supply chain management decisions. Finally, we illustrate
major OM and supply chain decisions using the Pizza U.S.A. example, as well as in other types
of businesses. Students may find the typical jobs in OM and supply chain from Monster.com (in
a Chapter 1 Operations Leader box).
The Learning Enrichment section at the end of the chapter provides videos and/or websites that
students can access outside of class or instructors can use in class. These resources help bring
the chapter materials to life, and tap into student interest.
Learning Enrichment (for self-study or instructor assignments)
What is Operations Management Video
https://youtu.be/leMOReAE2hk 5:19
Supply Chain Management: A Force for Good. Video
https://youtu.be/Bl0UhiOvrdc 5:01
Coca Cola: Supply Chain Video
https://youtu.be/UBSOiHUctrY 2:29
1-1
, Sustainability Web
https://www.epa.gov/sustainability/learn-about-sustainability#what Link
Globablization Web
http://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/ Link
Answers #zto #zQuestions
1. Operations #zand #zsupply #zchain #zmanagement #zis #zubiquitous, #zthat #zis #zpresent #zin #zevery
#zorganization. # z Daily, #zwe #zcome #zin #zcontact #zwith #zvarious #zgoods #zand #zservices
#zproduced #zby #zthe #ztransformation #zof #zinputs #zto #zoutputs #zunder #zthe #zcontrol #zof
#zoperations #zmanagers. # z Operations #zand #zsupply #zchain #zmanagement #zis #za #zcore
#zbusiness #zfunction #zalong #zwith #zmarketing #zand #zfinance. # z All #zdecisions #zare #zcross-
functional #zin #znature. # z You #zwill #zbe #zinteracting #zwith #zthe #zoperations #zfunction #zno
#zmatter #zwhat #zcareer #z you #zchoose. # z Much #zof #zwhat #zis #zlearned #zrelated #zto #zoperations
#zand #zsupply #zchain #zmanagement #zcan #zbe #zapplied #zto #zother #zfunctions.
2. Operations #zmanagement #zis #za #zbroader #zterm #zthan #zproduction #zmanagement,
#zencompassing #zservice #zorganizations #zas #zwell #zas #zmanufacturing. # z Operations
#zmanagement #zis #zalso #za #zmore #zrecent #zterm #zreplacing #zthe #zearlier #zterm #zproduction
#zmanagement.
3. The #zdifference #zbetween #zoperations #zand #zsupply #zchain #zmanagement #zis #zoperations
#zmanagement #zfocuses #zon #zdecisions #zto #zmanage #zthe #ztransformation #zprocess #zthat
#zconverts #zinputs #zinto #zdesired #zfinished #zgoods #zor #zservices #zwithin #za #zsingle #zfirm.
# z Operations #zmanagement #zoccurs #zwithin #zand #zacross #zmultiple #zfacilities #zin #zan
#zorganization. # z Supply #zchain #zmanagement #zrelates #zto #zthe #znetwork #zof #zmanufacturing
#zand #zservice #zoperations #zthat #zsupply #zeach #zother #zfrom #zraw #zmaterials #zthrough
#zmanufacturing #zto #zthe #zultimate #zcustomer. # z The #zsupply #zchain #zconsists #zof #zthe #zflows
#zof #zmaterials, #zmoney, #zand #zinformation #zalong #zthe #zentire #zchain #zof #zsourcing,
#zproduction, #zand #zdistribution. # z The #zsupply #zchain #zlinks #zthe #zoperations #zof #zmany
#zdifferent #zorganizations #zin #zorder #zto #zsatisfy #zcustomer #zneeds.
4. Responsibilities #zdiffer #zamong #zoperations, #zmarketing #zand #zfinance #zmanagers. # z A
#zmarketing #zmanager #zidentifies #zdemand #zfor #zgoods #zor #zservices #zand #zdevelops #zthe
#zmarket, #zwhereas #zthe #zoperations #zmanager #zassures #zsupply #zof #zthe #zproducts #zor
#zservices. # z The #zfinance #zmanager #zacquires #zand #zallocates #zthe #zcapital #zresources #zfor
#zthe #zother #zfunctions. # z Similarities #zin #zthe #zthree #zfunctions #zinclude #zmanagerial
#zdecision #zmaking #zand #zshared #zorganizational #zgoals.
5. Operations, #zmarketing, #zand #zfinance #zare #zprimary #zfunctions #zof #zthe #zorganization.
# z Human #zresources, #zinformation #zsystems, #zand #zaccounting #zare #zsupporting #zfunctions
#zthat #zprovide #zresources #zand #zservices #zfor #zthe #zthree #zprimary #zfunctions. # z The
#zoperations #zmanager #zapplies #zresources, #zanalysis #zand #zinformation #zprovided #zby
#zsupporting #zfunctions #zand #zintegrates #zthem #zinto #zdecision #zmaking. # z The #zfocus #zof #zthe
#zoperations #zmanager #zis #zon #zdecision #zmaking #zrather #zthan #zon #zanalytic #zmethods.
6. a. # z # z The #zpurpose #zof #za #zcollege #zlibrary #zis #zto #zmake #zinformation #zavailable #zto
#zstudents #zand #zfaculty #zfor #zresearch #zand #zstudying. # z The #zoutput #zis #zthe #zbundle
#zof #zservices #zprovided #zalong #zwith #zfacilitating #zgoods: # z buildings, #zcomputers,
#zbooks, #zcatalogs #zand #zindices.
1-2
, Process # z -- # z facility # z layout # z considering # z book # z stacks, # z reference # z rooms,
# z computer #zaccess # z on-site # z and # z from # z off-site, # z degree # z of # z computer
# z use # z and # z procedures # z for
accessing #zand #zcirculating #zinformation. # z They #zmust #znot #zonly #zselect #zthe
#zappropriate #zprocess, #zbut #zmanage #zthe #zflow #zof #zusers #zand #zinformation.
Quality #z-- #zstandards #zof #zthe #zcollege #zlibrary #zprofession #zare #zadopted; #zquality
# z measures #zinclude: # z ratio #zof #zconsulting #zstaff #zhours #zto #zstudents, #zrate #zof
#znew #zbook # z and #zother #zmaterial #zpurchases, #znumber #zof #zcomplaints, #zstudent
#zsatisfaction.
Capacity #z-- #zforecasting #zof #zlibrary #zuser #zneeds #zcontributes #zto #zdecisions #zon
#zbuilding #zsize, #zvolume #zof #zspace #zfor #zstudy #zand #zmaterials, #zprint #zacquisitions,
#zcomputer #zwork #zstations, #zstaff #zhiring #zand #zscheduling #zof #zshifts.
Inventory #z-- #zdecisions #zconcerning #zthe #znumber #zof #zbooks, #zperiodicals, #zetc. #zto #zstock.
Supply #zChain #z– #zdecisions #zabout #zsourcing #zof #zmaterials #zand #zinformation.
# z Also, #zdecisions #zare #zmade #zabout #zbest #zto #zdistribute #zprinted #zand #zonline
#zmaterials, #zalong #zwith #zmoving #zmaterials #zand #zinformation #zinto #zthe #zlibrary.
b. The #zpurpose #zof #za #zhotel #zis #zto #zattract #zand #zsatisfy #zconventioneers #zand
#zovernight #zguests. # z The #zoutput #zis #zthe #zbundle #zof #zservices #zand #zgoods
#zprovided: # z overnight #zaccommodations, #zmaid #zservice, #zroom #zservice,
#ztelevision, #zpool, #zbar, #zcoffee #zshop.
Process #z-- #za #zset #zof #zprocesses #zfor #zreserving #zand #zpayment #zof #zrooms,
#zhousekeeping, #zrestaurant, #zrecreation #zservices, #zand #zongoing #zstudy #zof #zservice
#zmethods; #zthe #zpeople #zwho #zimplement #zthese #zprocesses #zincluding #zreceptionists,
#zaccountants, #zhousekeepers, #zand #zmaintenance #zworkers.
Quality #z-- #zhotel #zindustry #zstandards #zand #zthe #zmarket #zpositioning #zof #zthe #zhotel
#z(first #zclass #zvs. #zbudget) #zdetermine #zstandards; #zquality #zmeasures #zinclude
#znumber #zof #zreturn #zvisitors, #zconventions #zbooked, #zand #zratings #zby #zindustry
#zevaluators.
Capacity #z-- #znumber #zof #zunits #zand #zbeds; #zappropriate #zsize #zfor #zrestaurant, #zbar
#zand #zconvention #zhalls; #zstaffing #zfor #zhousekeeping, #zrestaurant #zand #zoffice.
# z Scheduling #zof #zthe #zworkforce #zis #zalso #zincluded.
Inventory #z-- #zgoods #zto #zmeet #zrequirements #zfor #zroom #zupkeep #z(towels, #zsheets,
#zetc.), #zconvention #zcatering #z(glasses, #zdishes, #zfood), #zrestaurant #zand #zbar.
Supply #zchain #z– #zdecisions #zabout #zsourcing #zthe #zvarious #zmaterials #zand #zservices
#zused #zby #zthe #zhotel. # z Logistics #zis #zabout #zmoving #zmaterials #zand #zservices #zto
#zthe #zhotel #zand #zthen #zreturn #zand #zrecycling #zof #zgoods.
c. The #zpurpose #zof #za #zsmall #zmanufacturing #zfirm #zis #zto #zprovide #zcustomers #zwith #za
#zquality #zproduct #zat #za #zreasonable #zprice. # z The #zoutput #zconsists #zof #znot #zonly #zthe
#zphysical #zgood #zbut #zalso #zany #zservices #zthat #zaccompany #zthe #zgood, #zsuch #zas
#zassistance #zin #zselecting #zthe #zgood #z(the #zshopping #zprocess) #zor #za #zwarranty.
1-3
, Process #z-- #zthe #zprocess #zof #zsecuring #zthe #zraw #zmaterials, #ztransforming #zand
#zassembling #zthem #zinto #za #zfinished #zgood, #zpackaging #zthe #zproduct, #zand
#zarranging #zfor #zits #zdelivery #zto #zcustomers.
Quality #z-- #zdefinition #zof #zquality #zstandards #zfor #zthe #zmanufactured #zgoods,
#zmeasurement #zof #zdeviations #zfrom #zdesign #zstandards, #zinspection #zand #zcontrol #zof
#zquality #zof #zinput #zmaterials, #zprevention #zof #zdefects.
Capacity #z-- #znumber #zof #zunits #zthe #zfacility #zis #zcapable #zof #zproducing #zper #zunit
#ztime, #zsize #zof #zinventory #zstorage, #zhiring #zof #zworkers #zand #zscheduling #zof #zshifts.
Inventory #z-- #zraw #zmaterial #zinputs, #zwork-in-process, #zand #zfinished #zgoods, #zused
#zto #zsmooth #zproduction #zand #zmeet #zcustomer #zneeds.
Supply #zchain #z– #zSourcing #zof #zmaterials #zand #zservices #zused #zin #zthe
#zmanufacturing #zprocess. #zThe #zdistribution #zand #zstorage #zto #zand #zfrom #zthe
#zmanufacturing #zplant.
7. a. Operation #z-- #zcollege #zlibr
Inputs #z-- #zlibrarians, #zstaff, #zlibrary #zfacilities #zand #zequipment, #zenergy, #zcapital.
Transformation #zprocess #z-- #zorganizing #zinformation, #zarranging #zmaterials #zfor
#zaccess, #zinteracting #zwith #zlibrary #zusers.
Outputs #z-- #zstudents #zand #zfaculty #zprovided #zwith #zresearch #zand #zstudy #zmaterials.
b. Operation #z-- #zhotel
Inputs #z-- #zfacilities, #zstaff, #zmaterials #zfor #zhousekeeping #zand #zfood #zpreparation,
#zcommunications #zequipment, #zenergy, #zcapital.
Transformation #zprocess #z-- #ztaking #zreservations, #zcheck-in #zand #zcheck-out
#zprocedures, #zproviding #za #zcomfortable #zexperience, #z cleaning #zrooms, #zand
#zproviding #zother #zservices.
Outputs #z-- #zcustomers #zsatisfied #zwith #zlodging #zand #zrelated #zservices.
c. Operation #z-- #zsmall #zmanufacturing #zfirm
Inputs #z-- #zraw #zmaterial, #zworkers, #zsupervisors, #zmanagement, #zwarehouse,
#zmanufacturing #zfacilities #zand #zequipment, #zenergy, #zcapital.
Transformation #zprocess #z-- #zordering #zraw #zmaterials, #ztransforming #zand
#zassembling #zraw #zmaterials #zinto #zfinal #zproduct, #zpackaging #zproduct, #ztaking
#zsupply #zorders, # z shipping #zproducts, #zwarehousing, #zdistribution #zand #zreturn
#zlogistics.
Outputs #z– #zthe #zproduct #zand #zcustomers #zsatisfied #zwith #zthe #zway #zthe #zproduct
#zappears #zand #zoperates.
The #zdecision-making #zview #zof #zoperations #zmanagement #zcategorizes #zand #zdefines #zdecision #zmaking #zfor #zthe #zoperations
#zfunction #zand #zthe #zassociated #zsupply #zchain #zaccording #zto #za #zgiven #zframework. # z The #zframework #zused #zhere, #zwhich
1-4
