Answers)
Motivating operations are relatively consistent and do not tend to change over time. —Answer:
False
The behavior that occurs temporally away from the presentation of a reinforcer will be most
likely be strengthened by its presentation. —Answer: False
If one wants to determine the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer relative to another
stimulus, which assessment method would be most appropriate? —Answer: Concurrent
schedule assessment
Here is a common situation: New parents put a child to bed. The child begins to cry, so the
parents comfort the child and allow the child to sleep in bed with them. Thus, when they put
the child to bed in the future, she is more likely to cry. What has occurred in this situation? —
Answer: The parents have positively reinforced crying.
In order for reinforcement to work, the individual must be aware that reinforcement has
occurred. —Answer: False
Which of the following represents an example of the Premack Principle? —Answer: Telling a
child to eat his vegetables, then he can have dessert.
Assume you give a student in your class a forced-choice preference assessment. On this
preference assessment, computer time was ranked highest (that is, it was selected the most
frequently). What can you say about computer time, based on this information? —Answer:
Computer time may be a reinforcer for this student.
Ms. Franklin conducted a survey with her class to identify stimuli that might serve as
reinforcers. All of the students in her class indicated that extra recess time and pencils would be
some things they would like to earn. She then collected baseline data on the number of math
problems each student correctly completes during seatwork time. Following this, she told her
students they can have 5 minutes of extra recess if they complete 5 more math problems during
seatwork time today than they did yesterday. Each day, she increased the number of math
problems the students needed to complete to earn extra recess. She kept a graph of the results,
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,which showed a steady increase in the number of problems completed correctly. What can be
said about what she has done? —Answer: She has demonstrated that extra recess functions as a
reinforcer for work completion.
Elsa conducted a preference assessment for Jordan, a 5 year-old-boy with autism with whom
she works. She arranged 10 stimuli on a table and allowed him a little time to interact with the
stimuli prior to the assessment. Then, she began her assessment, allowing Jordan to select a
stimulus and play with it. When Jordan finished playing with that item, Elsa put the toy away
and allowed Jordan to select another toy. She repeated this procedure until there were only 3
toys left. What form of preference assessment is this? —Answer: Multiple Stimulus
If one wants to determine the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer as the requirements to
earn that reinforcer change (increase) over time, which assessment method would be most
appropriate? —Answer: Progressive-ratio schedule assessment
The Premack Principle is useful for: —Answer: Increasing low probability behaviors.
Assume you have a student in class, Ben, who becomes severely aggressive whenever another
student takes his toys away from him. When Ben hits them, the other children tend to return the
toys they took away from him. What can be said about this situation? —Answer: Ben's
aggression has been positively reinforced by the children returning the toy to him.
One advantage of free operant preference assessments is: —Answer: All of these are
advantages to the free operant preference assessment
A verbal description of a contingency ("If you do this then this will happen") is an example of
bridging the gap between behavior and delayed consequences —Answer: True
A primary reinforcer is an unconditioned reinforce that needs to be paired with other
reinforcers to be effective. —Answer: False
What is the difference between a preference assessment and a reinforcer assessment, i.e., what is
each activity trying to show? —Answer: Preference assessment - what someone may find
reinforcing
Reinforcer assessment - the determination of whether or not a stimulus was in fact reinforcing
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, All of the following are indicative of "rule-governed" behavior except: —Answer: The absence
of a detectable motivating operation
"Automaticity of reinforcement" and "automatic reinforcement" are the same —Answer: False
When implementing a reinforcement contingency, it is acceptable to wait 30 s following the
emission of a target response to deliver the reinforcer. —Answer: False
An advantage to survey methods of evaluating preference is that they are relatively
uncomplicated to conduct. A disadvantage of such methods is: —Answer: They may not yield
any more accurate information than chance.
Which of the following is/are conditioned reinforcers? —Answer: A. Food
B. Money
C. Tokens
D. Sleep
E. A&D
(F. B&C) ---> Correct
Unconditioned reinforcers are: —Answer: Stimuli, such as food and water that are inherently
reinforcing for individuals.
Another term for the three-term contingency is the "discriminated operant". —Answer: True
What is the advantage of using generalized conditioned reinforcers? —Answer: They are less
susceptible to satiation because they can be exchanged for a wide variety of other reinforcers.
Feedback and reinforcement are functionally synonymous terms —Answer: False
National Public Radio (NPR) often holds fund drives to raise money for their radio stations.
They frequently offer "prizes" for people who donate a certain amount of money. For example,
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