Answers)
If one wants to determine the effectiveness of a stimuli as a reinforcer relative to another
stimulus, which assessment method would be most appropriate? —Answer: concurrent
schedule assessment
Assume you have a student in class, Ben who becomes severely aggressive whenever another
student takes his toys away from him. When Ben hits them, the other children tend to return the
toys they took away from him. What can be said about this situation —Answer: Ben's
aggression has been positively reinforced by the children returning the toy to him
Unconditioned reinforcers are: —Answer: Stimuli, such as food and water that are inherently
reinforcing for individuals
If one wants to determine the effectiveness of a stimuli as a reinforcer as the requirements to
earn that reinforcer change (increase) over time, which assessment method would be most
appropriate? —Answer: progressive-ratio schedule assessment
All of the following are indicative of "rule-governed" behavior except: —Answer: the absence
of a detectable motivating operation
One advantage of free operant preference assessment is: —Answer: They can be less time
consuming that forced choice and approach responding assessments
Elsa conducted a preference assessment for Jordan, a 5 year old boy with autism with whom
she works. She arranged 10 stimuli on a table and allowed him a little time to interact with
stimulus prior to assessment. Then, she began her assessment, allowing Jordan to select a
stimulus to play with. When Jordan finished playing with an item, Elsa put the toy away and
allowed Jordan to select another toy. What form of preference assessment is this? —Answer:
Multiple Stimulus
The Premack Principle is useful for: —Answer: Increasing low probability behaviors.
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, If one compares the effects of response dependent delivery of a stimulus to a response
independent schedule of delivery of a stimulus to analyze whether or not the stimulus serves as
a reinforcer, which assessment method is being used? —Answer: Multiple schedule assessment
An advantage to survey methods of evaluating preference is that they are relatively
uncomplicated to conduct. A disadvantage of such methods is: —Answer: They may not yield
any more accurate information than chance.
Ms. Franklin conducted a survey with her class to identify stimuli that might serve as
reinforcers. All of the students in her class indicated that extra recess time and pencils would be
some things they would like to earn. She then collected baseline data on the number of math
problems each student correctly completes during seatwork time. Following this, she told her
students they can have 5 minutes of extra recess if they complete 5 more math problems during
seatwork time today than they did yesterday. Each day, she increased the number of math
problems the students needed to complete to earn extra recess. She kept a graph of the results,
which showed a steady increase in the number of problems completed correctly. What can be
said about what she has done? —Answer: She has demonstrated that extra recess functions as a
reinforcer for work completion
Here is a common situation: New parents put a child to bed. The child begins to cry, so the
parents comfort the child and allow the child to sleep in bed with them. Thus, when they put
the child to bed in the future, she is more likely to cry. What has occurred in this situation? —
Answer: The parents have positively reinforced crying.
National Public Radio (NPR) often holds fund drives to raise money for their radio stations.
They frequently offer "prizes" for people who donate a certain amount of money. For example,
they might offer a CD for those who donate at least $50 to the station. It's not clear whether this
actually increases donations. What can we say about this situation? —Answer: The CD's
function as a reward for donating money.
Which of the following represents an example of the Premack Principle? —Answer: Telling a
child to eat his vegetables, then he can have dessert.
One can best identify whether an argument is circular reasoning: —Answer: By evaluating
whether the two components of the argument can be separated and whether one can be
manipulated to determine the effect on the other
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