Biology 116 Exam 3 Cobb Questions
with Complete Answers
Smooth muscle fibers are spindle shaped; they lack T tubules, myofibrils, and
sarcomeres; and the sarcoplasmic reticulum forms a loose network throughout the
sarcoplasm. Because the tissue lacks sarcomeres, it is nonstriated. Additionally, the
thin filaments are anchored to dense bodies. - ANSWER-Identify the structural
characteristics of smooth muscle fibers.
Smooth muscle can contract over a wider range of resting lengths than can skeletal
muscle because the actin and myosin filaments are more loosely organized in
smooth muscle. - ANSWER-Why can smooth muscle contract over a wider range of
resting lengths than skeletal muscle?
The waves of contractions that constitute peristalsis are more efficient in propelling
intestinal contents along the digestive tract than segmentation. The reason is that
segmentation is basically a churning action that mixes
intestinal contents with digestive fluids. - ANSWER-Which is more efficient in
propelling intestinal contents along the digestive tract: peristalsis or segmentation.
Why?
The major mechanisms that regulate and control digestive activities are local factors
(stimuli for digestive activities, such as changes in pH or distortion of the intestinal
lumen), neural mechanisms (myenteric reflexes),
and hormonal mechanisms (involving neuroendocrine cells). - ANSWER-Cite the
major mechanisms that regulate and control digestive activities
Enteroendocrine cells are endocrine cells scattered among the epithelial cells lining
the digestive tract that secrete peptide hormones important to digestion. - ANSWER-
Describe enteroendocrine cells.
Ingestion is the entry of foods and liquids into the digestive tract through the mouth -
ANSWER-Define ingestion
Chemical digestion is the chemical and enzymatic breakdown of food into small
molecules. Absorption
is the movement of molecules and other substances across the digestive epithelium
and into the interstitial fluid of the digestive tract. - ANSWER-Distinguish between
chemical digestion and absorption.
The function of the large intestine is the dehydration and compaction of indigestible
materials and organic wastes prior to elimination from the body. - ANSWER-
Describe the function of the large intestine.
, stratified squamous epithelium, which provides protection against friction and
abrasion. - ANSWER-The oral cavity is lined by which type of epithelium?
The hard palate forms the roof of the mouth. - ANSWER-Name the structures that
forms the roof of the mouth.
The fauces is the arched opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx. -
ANSWER-Describe the location of the fauces.
A shortened frenulum of tongue could restrict tongue movements, making eating or
talking difficult. - ANSWER-What effects might a shortened frenulum of the tongue
cause?
crown, neck, root - ANSWER-Name the three main parts of a typical tooth.
wisdom teeth - ANSWER-What is the name sometimes given to the third set of
molars?
The pharynx is an anatomical space divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and
laryngopharynx that serves as a common passageway for food, liquids, and air.
Food passes through the oropharynx and laryngopharynx on its way to the
esophagus - ANSWER-Name the regions and functions of the pharynx.
The muscular layer of the esophagus has the usual inner circular and outer
longitudinal layers. However, in the superior third of the esophagus, these layers
contain skeletal muscle fibers. The middle third contains a mixture of skeletal and
smooth muscle tissue. Along the inferior third, only smooth muscle occurs. -
ANSWER-Describe the muscular layer of the esophagus.
During the buccal phase, food is formed into a bolus; during the pharyngeal phase,
the bolus contacts the palatal arches and moves into the esophagus; during
the esophageal phase, swallowing begins as pharyngeal muscles contract and the
bolus is moved toward the stomach by peristaltic waves. - ANSWER-Describe the
major event in each of the three phases of swallowing.
a sheet of mesentery that is a remnant of the ventral mesentery between the liver
and the anterior wall of the peritoneal cavity. - ANSWER-What is the falciform
ligament?
stabilizes the position of the stomach and provides a route for structures entering or
leaving the liver - ANSWER-What is the function of the lesser omentum?
Peritoneal fluid covers the parietal and visceral layers to prevent friction and
subsequent irritation during sliding movements of organs covered by the peritoneum.
- ANSWER-Explain the significance of peritoneal fluid.
the four major regions of the stomach are the cardia, fundus, body, and pyloric part. -
ANSWER-Name the four major regions of the stomach in order from its junction with
the esophagus to the small intestine.
with Complete Answers
Smooth muscle fibers are spindle shaped; they lack T tubules, myofibrils, and
sarcomeres; and the sarcoplasmic reticulum forms a loose network throughout the
sarcoplasm. Because the tissue lacks sarcomeres, it is nonstriated. Additionally, the
thin filaments are anchored to dense bodies. - ANSWER-Identify the structural
characteristics of smooth muscle fibers.
Smooth muscle can contract over a wider range of resting lengths than can skeletal
muscle because the actin and myosin filaments are more loosely organized in
smooth muscle. - ANSWER-Why can smooth muscle contract over a wider range of
resting lengths than skeletal muscle?
The waves of contractions that constitute peristalsis are more efficient in propelling
intestinal contents along the digestive tract than segmentation. The reason is that
segmentation is basically a churning action that mixes
intestinal contents with digestive fluids. - ANSWER-Which is more efficient in
propelling intestinal contents along the digestive tract: peristalsis or segmentation.
Why?
The major mechanisms that regulate and control digestive activities are local factors
(stimuli for digestive activities, such as changes in pH or distortion of the intestinal
lumen), neural mechanisms (myenteric reflexes),
and hormonal mechanisms (involving neuroendocrine cells). - ANSWER-Cite the
major mechanisms that regulate and control digestive activities
Enteroendocrine cells are endocrine cells scattered among the epithelial cells lining
the digestive tract that secrete peptide hormones important to digestion. - ANSWER-
Describe enteroendocrine cells.
Ingestion is the entry of foods and liquids into the digestive tract through the mouth -
ANSWER-Define ingestion
Chemical digestion is the chemical and enzymatic breakdown of food into small
molecules. Absorption
is the movement of molecules and other substances across the digestive epithelium
and into the interstitial fluid of the digestive tract. - ANSWER-Distinguish between
chemical digestion and absorption.
The function of the large intestine is the dehydration and compaction of indigestible
materials and organic wastes prior to elimination from the body. - ANSWER-
Describe the function of the large intestine.
, stratified squamous epithelium, which provides protection against friction and
abrasion. - ANSWER-The oral cavity is lined by which type of epithelium?
The hard palate forms the roof of the mouth. - ANSWER-Name the structures that
forms the roof of the mouth.
The fauces is the arched opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx. -
ANSWER-Describe the location of the fauces.
A shortened frenulum of tongue could restrict tongue movements, making eating or
talking difficult. - ANSWER-What effects might a shortened frenulum of the tongue
cause?
crown, neck, root - ANSWER-Name the three main parts of a typical tooth.
wisdom teeth - ANSWER-What is the name sometimes given to the third set of
molars?
The pharynx is an anatomical space divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and
laryngopharynx that serves as a common passageway for food, liquids, and air.
Food passes through the oropharynx and laryngopharynx on its way to the
esophagus - ANSWER-Name the regions and functions of the pharynx.
The muscular layer of the esophagus has the usual inner circular and outer
longitudinal layers. However, in the superior third of the esophagus, these layers
contain skeletal muscle fibers. The middle third contains a mixture of skeletal and
smooth muscle tissue. Along the inferior third, only smooth muscle occurs. -
ANSWER-Describe the muscular layer of the esophagus.
During the buccal phase, food is formed into a bolus; during the pharyngeal phase,
the bolus contacts the palatal arches and moves into the esophagus; during
the esophageal phase, swallowing begins as pharyngeal muscles contract and the
bolus is moved toward the stomach by peristaltic waves. - ANSWER-Describe the
major event in each of the three phases of swallowing.
a sheet of mesentery that is a remnant of the ventral mesentery between the liver
and the anterior wall of the peritoneal cavity. - ANSWER-What is the falciform
ligament?
stabilizes the position of the stomach and provides a route for structures entering or
leaving the liver - ANSWER-What is the function of the lesser omentum?
Peritoneal fluid covers the parietal and visceral layers to prevent friction and
subsequent irritation during sliding movements of organs covered by the peritoneum.
- ANSWER-Explain the significance of peritoneal fluid.
the four major regions of the stomach are the cardia, fundus, body, and pyloric part. -
ANSWER-Name the four major regions of the stomach in order from its junction with
the esophagus to the small intestine.
