NURS. 5315 2025/2026 A+ Exam Questions with Verified
Answers.
Terms in this set (54)
Clinical implication for Beta Atrial fibrillation, chronic left heart failure or reduced ejection fraction
blockers? (book)
Beta Blockers (book) reduce myocardial demand. By blocking beta receptors.
Myocardial contractility is a Calcium interacts with troponin C which causes tropomyosin
change in developed tension at a to move thus allowing actin and myosin to work together to
given resting fiber length, cause contraction.
which is simply the ability of
the
heart muscle to shorten. At the
molecular level, thin filaments
of actin slide over thick
filaments of myosin called the
cross-bridge cycle of muscle
contraction. (video)
Explain the difference between Cardiac output is the amount of blood pushed from the left
cardiac hemodynamic ventricle in 1 minute. It is calculated by multiplying the heart
measures Video Lecture: rate in beats per minute by the stroke volume.
Cardiac Output
Right Heart (book) pumps blood through the lungs
sends blood throughout the systemic circulation, which
Left Heart (book)
supplies all of the body except the lungs.
carry blood (away) from the heart to all parts of the body, where they
Arteries (hint A for away) (Book)
branch into
arterioles and even smaller vessels until they become a fine meshwork of
capillaries.
allow the closest contact and exchange between the blood and
Capillaries (Book)
the interstitial space, or interstitium—the environment in
which the cells live
Venules and the veins (Book) carry blood from capillaries back to the heart.
Lymph (Book) is returned to the cardiovascular system by vessels of the lymphatic
system.
, The right heart pumps de-oxygenated blood through to the
Blood flow through right atrium>through the tricuspid valve> right
the heart ventricle>pulmonary semilunar valve>pulmonary
chambers/valves artery>Lungs (now oxygenated blood)>Pulmonary veins>Left
(Book) Atrium>Bicuspid or Mitral valve>Left Ventricle>Aortic
Semilunar Valve>Aorta
The coronary arteries provide The myocardium and other heart structures are supplied with
blood to which part of the oxygen and nutrients by the coronary circulation
heart. (Book)
What are the two major The major coronary arteries are the right coronary artery
coronary arteries? (Book) (RCA) and the left coronary artery (LCA)
The transmission of electrical As an electrical impulse passes from cell to cell (fiber to fiber)
impulses, termed cardiac action in the myocardium, it stimulates an intracellular process that
potentials move results in fiber shortening—that is, muscular
throughout the myocardium. contraction or systole. Between action potentials, the fibers
Analyze the process of action relax and return to their resting length, causing diastole.
potentials. (Book)
The various phases of the cardiac Threshold is the point at which the cell membrane's selective
action potential are related permeability to these ions is temporarily disrupted, leading to
to changes in the permeability of depolarization. If the resting membrane
the cell membrane to sodium, potential becomes more negative as a result of a decrease in
potassium, chloride, and extracellular potassium concentration (hypokalemia), it is
calcium(Book)
termed hyperpolarization.
How potassium affects When the resting membrane potential becomes more negative as a
myocardial action potentials, result of a decrease in extracellular potassium concentration
contraction, and clinical (Book)
manifestations. it is termed hyper-polarization.
Hypokalemia
Calcium and Excitation-contraction It enters the myocardial cell from the interstitial fluid after
coupling is the process by electrical excitation, which increases the membrane
which an action potential permeability to calcium. Two types of calcium channels (L-
arriving at the plasma type and T-type) are identified in cardiac tissues.
membrane of the muscle fiber
triggers the cycle
leading to cross-bridge
activity and contraction.
(Book)
Answers.
Terms in this set (54)
Clinical implication for Beta Atrial fibrillation, chronic left heart failure or reduced ejection fraction
blockers? (book)
Beta Blockers (book) reduce myocardial demand. By blocking beta receptors.
Myocardial contractility is a Calcium interacts with troponin C which causes tropomyosin
change in developed tension at a to move thus allowing actin and myosin to work together to
given resting fiber length, cause contraction.
which is simply the ability of
the
heart muscle to shorten. At the
molecular level, thin filaments
of actin slide over thick
filaments of myosin called the
cross-bridge cycle of muscle
contraction. (video)
Explain the difference between Cardiac output is the amount of blood pushed from the left
cardiac hemodynamic ventricle in 1 minute. It is calculated by multiplying the heart
measures Video Lecture: rate in beats per minute by the stroke volume.
Cardiac Output
Right Heart (book) pumps blood through the lungs
sends blood throughout the systemic circulation, which
Left Heart (book)
supplies all of the body except the lungs.
carry blood (away) from the heart to all parts of the body, where they
Arteries (hint A for away) (Book)
branch into
arterioles and even smaller vessels until they become a fine meshwork of
capillaries.
allow the closest contact and exchange between the blood and
Capillaries (Book)
the interstitial space, or interstitium—the environment in
which the cells live
Venules and the veins (Book) carry blood from capillaries back to the heart.
Lymph (Book) is returned to the cardiovascular system by vessels of the lymphatic
system.
, The right heart pumps de-oxygenated blood through to the
Blood flow through right atrium>through the tricuspid valve> right
the heart ventricle>pulmonary semilunar valve>pulmonary
chambers/valves artery>Lungs (now oxygenated blood)>Pulmonary veins>Left
(Book) Atrium>Bicuspid or Mitral valve>Left Ventricle>Aortic
Semilunar Valve>Aorta
The coronary arteries provide The myocardium and other heart structures are supplied with
blood to which part of the oxygen and nutrients by the coronary circulation
heart. (Book)
What are the two major The major coronary arteries are the right coronary artery
coronary arteries? (Book) (RCA) and the left coronary artery (LCA)
The transmission of electrical As an electrical impulse passes from cell to cell (fiber to fiber)
impulses, termed cardiac action in the myocardium, it stimulates an intracellular process that
potentials move results in fiber shortening—that is, muscular
throughout the myocardium. contraction or systole. Between action potentials, the fibers
Analyze the process of action relax and return to their resting length, causing diastole.
potentials. (Book)
The various phases of the cardiac Threshold is the point at which the cell membrane's selective
action potential are related permeability to these ions is temporarily disrupted, leading to
to changes in the permeability of depolarization. If the resting membrane
the cell membrane to sodium, potential becomes more negative as a result of a decrease in
potassium, chloride, and extracellular potassium concentration (hypokalemia), it is
calcium(Book)
termed hyperpolarization.
How potassium affects When the resting membrane potential becomes more negative as a
myocardial action potentials, result of a decrease in extracellular potassium concentration
contraction, and clinical (Book)
manifestations. it is termed hyper-polarization.
Hypokalemia
Calcium and Excitation-contraction It enters the myocardial cell from the interstitial fluid after
coupling is the process by electrical excitation, which increases the membrane
which an action potential permeability to calcium. Two types of calcium channels (L-
arriving at the plasma type and T-type) are identified in cardiac tissues.
membrane of the muscle fiber
triggers the cycle
leading to cross-bridge
activity and contraction.
(Book)
