Rutgers Biology 116 Exam 1 Cardinale
Questions and Answers
Extracellular Matrix - ANSWER-proteins outside plasma membrane that connects
and support cells, and are made of mostly collagen
Heterotrophy - ANSWER-depends on producers for energy
Differentiated Tissue - ANSWER-groups of cells with common structure and function
Differentiated organs - ANSWER-specialized structure made up of tissues
Cleavage - ANSWER-series of mitotic divisions without growth
Fertilization - ANSWER-small flagellated sperm fuses with larger, non-motile
Blastulation - ANSWER-cell migration to form a hollow ball
Blastula - ANSWER-hollow ball of cells around blastocoel
Gastrulation - ANSWER-process of inward folding of blastula
Gastrula - ANSWER-
Larva - ANSWER-sexually immature, morphologically different from adult
Homeobox genes - ANSWER-code for proteins that regulate expression of
developmental genes
Choanoflagellates - ANSWER-unicellular eukaryotes; sister taxon with animals
Symmetry - ANSWER-arrangement of body structure in relation to axis of body
Radial Symmetry - ANSWER-any plane thru longitudinal axis; symmetrical halves
Bilateral Symmetry - ANSWER-only one plane thru longitudinal axis; similar halves
Cephalization - ANSWER-development of a head central nervous system and sense
organs
Germ Layers - ANSWER-concentric layers of embryonic tissue; form during
embryonic development-gastrulation
Ectoderm - ANSWER-outer layer of embryonic tissue
, Endoderm - ANSWER-inner layer of embryonic tissue
Mesoderm - ANSWER-middle layer of embryonic tissue
Diploblast - ANSWER-have endoderm and ectoderm
Triploblast - ANSWER-have ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm (Bilateria)
Coelom - ANSWER-body cavity; fluid-filled space between body wall and digestive
tube
"tube within a tube"
Hydrostatic skeleton
Acoelomate - ANSWER-lacking a coelom
Protosome Development - ANSWER-spiral, determinate cleavage;
blastopore=mouth
Deuterosome Development - ANSWER-radial indeterminate cleavage; coelom forms
from folds of archenteron
Sporopollenin - ANSWER-layer of polymer, surrounds zygote, prevents desiccation
Phragmoplast - ANSWER-Groups of microtubules between daughter nuclei
Gametophyte - ANSWER-produces gametes by mitosis
Sporophyte - ANSWER-produces spores by meiosis
Sporangia - ANSWER-multicellular organs that produce spores
Sporocytes - ANSWER-diploid cells, undergo meiosis
Spores - ANSWER-haploid reproductive cells
Gametangia - ANSWER-multicellular gamete-producing organ
Archegonia - ANSWER-produce eggs, fertilization site
Antheridia - ANSWER-produce and release sperm
Apical Meristem - ANSWER-localized regions of cell division at the tips of root and
shoots; cells differentiate from
Cuticle - ANSWER-waxy covering over all above-ground parts
prevents desiccation
provides protection from microbes
Desiccation - ANSWER-drying out
Questions and Answers
Extracellular Matrix - ANSWER-proteins outside plasma membrane that connects
and support cells, and are made of mostly collagen
Heterotrophy - ANSWER-depends on producers for energy
Differentiated Tissue - ANSWER-groups of cells with common structure and function
Differentiated organs - ANSWER-specialized structure made up of tissues
Cleavage - ANSWER-series of mitotic divisions without growth
Fertilization - ANSWER-small flagellated sperm fuses with larger, non-motile
Blastulation - ANSWER-cell migration to form a hollow ball
Blastula - ANSWER-hollow ball of cells around blastocoel
Gastrulation - ANSWER-process of inward folding of blastula
Gastrula - ANSWER-
Larva - ANSWER-sexually immature, morphologically different from adult
Homeobox genes - ANSWER-code for proteins that regulate expression of
developmental genes
Choanoflagellates - ANSWER-unicellular eukaryotes; sister taxon with animals
Symmetry - ANSWER-arrangement of body structure in relation to axis of body
Radial Symmetry - ANSWER-any plane thru longitudinal axis; symmetrical halves
Bilateral Symmetry - ANSWER-only one plane thru longitudinal axis; similar halves
Cephalization - ANSWER-development of a head central nervous system and sense
organs
Germ Layers - ANSWER-concentric layers of embryonic tissue; form during
embryonic development-gastrulation
Ectoderm - ANSWER-outer layer of embryonic tissue
, Endoderm - ANSWER-inner layer of embryonic tissue
Mesoderm - ANSWER-middle layer of embryonic tissue
Diploblast - ANSWER-have endoderm and ectoderm
Triploblast - ANSWER-have ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm (Bilateria)
Coelom - ANSWER-body cavity; fluid-filled space between body wall and digestive
tube
"tube within a tube"
Hydrostatic skeleton
Acoelomate - ANSWER-lacking a coelom
Protosome Development - ANSWER-spiral, determinate cleavage;
blastopore=mouth
Deuterosome Development - ANSWER-radial indeterminate cleavage; coelom forms
from folds of archenteron
Sporopollenin - ANSWER-layer of polymer, surrounds zygote, prevents desiccation
Phragmoplast - ANSWER-Groups of microtubules between daughter nuclei
Gametophyte - ANSWER-produces gametes by mitosis
Sporophyte - ANSWER-produces spores by meiosis
Sporangia - ANSWER-multicellular organs that produce spores
Sporocytes - ANSWER-diploid cells, undergo meiosis
Spores - ANSWER-haploid reproductive cells
Gametangia - ANSWER-multicellular gamete-producing organ
Archegonia - ANSWER-produce eggs, fertilization site
Antheridia - ANSWER-produce and release sperm
Apical Meristem - ANSWER-localized regions of cell division at the tips of root and
shoots; cells differentiate from
Cuticle - ANSWER-waxy covering over all above-ground parts
prevents desiccation
provides protection from microbes
Desiccation - ANSWER-drying out
