Drugs for Bacterial Infections UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
aerobic - Correct answers✔✔ability to use oxygen/ bacteria grow best in oxygen-rich
environment
anaerobic - Correct answers✔✔bacteria grow best without oxygen
gram-positive - Correct answers✔✔bacteria with thick cell wall/streptococci, enterococci,
staphylococci
gram-negative - Correct answers✔✔bacteria with thin cell wall/(will not hold stain)/ bacteroides,
E choli, klebsiella, pseudomonas, salmonella
bactericidal - Correct answers✔✔killing bacteria
bacteriostatic - Correct answers✔✔slow bacterial growth allowing body to eliminate
microorganisms
5 principles from CDC regarding HAIs - Correct answers✔✔1) prevent infections when possible
2) right drug for the infection 3) use only when deemed medically necessary 4) take full length
of therapy 5) prevent transmission
broad-spectrum antibiotic - Correct answers✔✔effective against a wide variety of different
microbial species/ more effect on normal host flora/ higher risk of superinfection
, narrow-spectrum antibiotic - Correct answers✔✔effective against a smaller group of microbes or
only the isolated species
superinfection - Correct answers✔✔secondary infection as result of anti-infective therapy/
**suspected if a new infection appears while the client is receiving anti-infective therapy
beta-lactam ring - Correct answers✔✔portion of chemical structure of penicillin responsible for
antibacterial activity/ resistance develops when beta-lactamase or penicillinase split the beta-
lactam ring
penicillin G - Correct answers✔✔cell wall inhibitor; natural penicillin/ drug of choice for
gonorrhea and syphillis/ anaphylaxis / avoid with severe renal disease/ **decreases effectiveness
of oral contraceptives/ hyperkalemia with potassium-sparing diuretics/
drug of choice for group A strep infections
beta-lactamase inhibitors - Correct answers✔✔clavulanate, sulbactam, tazobactam/ Augmentin,
Timentin, Unazyn, Zosyn
cephalosporins - Correct answers✔✔act by same mechanism as penicillins
cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol) - Correct answers✔✔cell wall inhibitor; first-generation
cephalosporin/ avoid concurrent use with nephrotoxic drugs/ penicillin allergy may be cross-
sensitive to cephalosporins
tetracyclines; "cycline - Correct answers✔✔broad-spectrum/ inhibit bacterial protein synthesis,
slowing microbial growth/ demeclocycline; doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline; tigecycline
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
aerobic - Correct answers✔✔ability to use oxygen/ bacteria grow best in oxygen-rich
environment
anaerobic - Correct answers✔✔bacteria grow best without oxygen
gram-positive - Correct answers✔✔bacteria with thick cell wall/streptococci, enterococci,
staphylococci
gram-negative - Correct answers✔✔bacteria with thin cell wall/(will not hold stain)/ bacteroides,
E choli, klebsiella, pseudomonas, salmonella
bactericidal - Correct answers✔✔killing bacteria
bacteriostatic - Correct answers✔✔slow bacterial growth allowing body to eliminate
microorganisms
5 principles from CDC regarding HAIs - Correct answers✔✔1) prevent infections when possible
2) right drug for the infection 3) use only when deemed medically necessary 4) take full length
of therapy 5) prevent transmission
broad-spectrum antibiotic - Correct answers✔✔effective against a wide variety of different
microbial species/ more effect on normal host flora/ higher risk of superinfection
, narrow-spectrum antibiotic - Correct answers✔✔effective against a smaller group of microbes or
only the isolated species
superinfection - Correct answers✔✔secondary infection as result of anti-infective therapy/
**suspected if a new infection appears while the client is receiving anti-infective therapy
beta-lactam ring - Correct answers✔✔portion of chemical structure of penicillin responsible for
antibacterial activity/ resistance develops when beta-lactamase or penicillinase split the beta-
lactam ring
penicillin G - Correct answers✔✔cell wall inhibitor; natural penicillin/ drug of choice for
gonorrhea and syphillis/ anaphylaxis / avoid with severe renal disease/ **decreases effectiveness
of oral contraceptives/ hyperkalemia with potassium-sparing diuretics/
drug of choice for group A strep infections
beta-lactamase inhibitors - Correct answers✔✔clavulanate, sulbactam, tazobactam/ Augmentin,
Timentin, Unazyn, Zosyn
cephalosporins - Correct answers✔✔act by same mechanism as penicillins
cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol) - Correct answers✔✔cell wall inhibitor; first-generation
cephalosporin/ avoid concurrent use with nephrotoxic drugs/ penicillin allergy may be cross-
sensitive to cephalosporins
tetracyclines; "cycline - Correct answers✔✔broad-spectrum/ inhibit bacterial protein synthesis,
slowing microbial growth/ demeclocycline; doxycycline; minocycline; tetracycline; tigecycline
