GMS 6440 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY EXAM LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS BEST STUDYING MATERIAL
1. What is the normal movement of blood through the heart?
• A) Right atrium → Left atrium → Right ventricle → Left ventricle
• B) Right atrium → Right ventricle → Lung → Left atrium → Left ventricle
• C) Left atrium → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Left ventricle
D) Right ventricle → Lung → Right atrium → Left ventricle
Correct Answer: B) Right atrium → Right ventricle → Lung → Left atrium → Left ventricle
Rationale: This sequence reflects the path blood takes through the heart and lungs.
2. Normally, humans have lobes in the left lung and lobes in the right lung.
• A) 3, 2
• B) 2, 3
• C) 4, 2
• D) 2, 4
Correct Answer: B) 2, 3
Rationale: The lef t lung has two lobes, while the right lung has three lobes.
3. In the lung, gas exchange occurs mostly in the .
• A) Bronchi
• B) Alveoli
• C) Trachea
• D) Pleura
Correct Answer: B) Alveoli
Rationale: Alveoli are the primary sites for gas exchange in the lungs.
4. The urinary system is composed of kidneys, ureters, and bladders.
• A) 1, 2, 1
• B) 2, 2, 1
• C) 2, 1, 1
• D) 2, 2, 2
Correct Answer: B) 2, 2, 1
Rationale: The urinary system typically has two kidneys, two ureters, and one bladder.
1
, GMS 6440 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY EXAM LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS BEST STUDYING MATERIAL
5. Filtered waste from the glomerulus moves in what order, ending with the collecting duct?
• A) Bowman's capsule → Proximal tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal tubule → Collecting duct
• B) Proximal tubule → Distal tubule → Bowman's capsule → Loop of Henle → Collecting duct
• C) Loop of Henle → Collecting duct → Distal tubule → Proximal tubule → Bowman's capsule
• D) Collecting duct → Bowman's capsule → Proximal tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal tubule
Correct Answer: A) Bowman's capsule → Proximal tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal tubule → Collecting
duct
Rationale: This is the correct order of filtration and reabsorption in the nephron.
Both endocrine and nervous systems play important roles in maintaining homeostasis.
• A) True
• B) False
Correct Answer: A) True
Rationale: Both systems work together to regulate bodily functions and maintain homeostasis.
Specificity of hormone action in target cells is determined by .
• A) Concentration of the hormone
• B) Receptors
• C) Feedback mechanisms
• D) Hormone solubility
Correct Answer: B) Receptors
• D) Nucleic acids
Correct Answer: C) Lipids
Rationale: The lipid bilayer acts as a barrier to most ions and polar molecules.
Where is the concentration of [K+] greater?
• A) In the extracellular fluid
• B) In the cytoplasm
• C) In the interstitial fluid
• D) In the bloodstream
Correct Answer: B) In the cytoplasm
2
, GMS 6440 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY EXAM LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS BEST STUDYING MATERIAL
Rationale: Potassium ions are predominantly found inside cells.
Across a cell's plasma membrane, movement of water is .
• A) Active transport
• B) Passive through a channel
• C) Always facilitated
• D) Never passive
Correct Answer: B) Passive through a channel
Rationale: Water movement typically occurs passively through aquaporins.
Cardiac muscle contraction is considered to be a voluntary movement.
• A) True
B) False
Correct Answer: B) False
Rationale: Cardiac muscle contraction is involuntary and controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
In the gastrointestinal tract, smooth muscle is the major muscle type.
• A) True
B) False
Correct Answer: A) True
Rationale: Smooth muscle is predominant in the gastrointestinal tract, facilitating peristalsis and digestion.
Approximately 8 liters of intestinal juices are secreted into the GI tract daily, with only 100 ml of
water secreted into the feces.
• A) True
B) False
Correct Answer: A) True
Rationale: The majority of intestinal secretions are reabsorbed, leaving minimal water in feces.
Where is the concentration of [Na+] greater?
• A) Inside the cell
• B) Outside the cell
• C) In the cytoplasm
3
, GMS 6440 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY EXAM LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS BEST STUDYING MATERIAL
• D) In the mitochondria
Correct Answer: B) Outside the cell
Rationale: Sodium ions are primarily concentrated in the extracellular fluid.
For a neutrally charged molecule, "Active" transport means that the molecules move across a
membrane:
• A) From high concentration to low concentration
• B) From low concentration to high concentration
• C) Passively without energy
• D) With the gradient
Correct Answer: B) From low concentration to high concentration
Rationale: Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.
What molecule is the source of energy for primary active transport?
• A) ADP
• B) GTP
• C) ATP
• D) NADH
Correct Answer: C) ATP
Rationale: ATP provides the necessary energy for active transport processes.
There is only one type of channel in cell membranes.
• A) True
• B) False
Correct Answer: B) False
Rationale: There are various types of channels, including ion channels, aquaporins, and gated channels.
In primary active transport, solutes move from an area of concentration to an area of
concentration.
• A) High, low
• B) Low, high
• C) Equal, equal
• D) High, equal
4
WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS BEST STUDYING MATERIAL
1. What is the normal movement of blood through the heart?
• A) Right atrium → Left atrium → Right ventricle → Left ventricle
• B) Right atrium → Right ventricle → Lung → Left atrium → Left ventricle
• C) Left atrium → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Left ventricle
D) Right ventricle → Lung → Right atrium → Left ventricle
Correct Answer: B) Right atrium → Right ventricle → Lung → Left atrium → Left ventricle
Rationale: This sequence reflects the path blood takes through the heart and lungs.
2. Normally, humans have lobes in the left lung and lobes in the right lung.
• A) 3, 2
• B) 2, 3
• C) 4, 2
• D) 2, 4
Correct Answer: B) 2, 3
Rationale: The lef t lung has two lobes, while the right lung has three lobes.
3. In the lung, gas exchange occurs mostly in the .
• A) Bronchi
• B) Alveoli
• C) Trachea
• D) Pleura
Correct Answer: B) Alveoli
Rationale: Alveoli are the primary sites for gas exchange in the lungs.
4. The urinary system is composed of kidneys, ureters, and bladders.
• A) 1, 2, 1
• B) 2, 2, 1
• C) 2, 1, 1
• D) 2, 2, 2
Correct Answer: B) 2, 2, 1
Rationale: The urinary system typically has two kidneys, two ureters, and one bladder.
1
, GMS 6440 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY EXAM LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS BEST STUDYING MATERIAL
5. Filtered waste from the glomerulus moves in what order, ending with the collecting duct?
• A) Bowman's capsule → Proximal tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal tubule → Collecting duct
• B) Proximal tubule → Distal tubule → Bowman's capsule → Loop of Henle → Collecting duct
• C) Loop of Henle → Collecting duct → Distal tubule → Proximal tubule → Bowman's capsule
• D) Collecting duct → Bowman's capsule → Proximal tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal tubule
Correct Answer: A) Bowman's capsule → Proximal tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal tubule → Collecting
duct
Rationale: This is the correct order of filtration and reabsorption in the nephron.
Both endocrine and nervous systems play important roles in maintaining homeostasis.
• A) True
• B) False
Correct Answer: A) True
Rationale: Both systems work together to regulate bodily functions and maintain homeostasis.
Specificity of hormone action in target cells is determined by .
• A) Concentration of the hormone
• B) Receptors
• C) Feedback mechanisms
• D) Hormone solubility
Correct Answer: B) Receptors
• D) Nucleic acids
Correct Answer: C) Lipids
Rationale: The lipid bilayer acts as a barrier to most ions and polar molecules.
Where is the concentration of [K+] greater?
• A) In the extracellular fluid
• B) In the cytoplasm
• C) In the interstitial fluid
• D) In the bloodstream
Correct Answer: B) In the cytoplasm
2
, GMS 6440 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY EXAM LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS BEST STUDYING MATERIAL
Rationale: Potassium ions are predominantly found inside cells.
Across a cell's plasma membrane, movement of water is .
• A) Active transport
• B) Passive through a channel
• C) Always facilitated
• D) Never passive
Correct Answer: B) Passive through a channel
Rationale: Water movement typically occurs passively through aquaporins.
Cardiac muscle contraction is considered to be a voluntary movement.
• A) True
B) False
Correct Answer: B) False
Rationale: Cardiac muscle contraction is involuntary and controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
In the gastrointestinal tract, smooth muscle is the major muscle type.
• A) True
B) False
Correct Answer: A) True
Rationale: Smooth muscle is predominant in the gastrointestinal tract, facilitating peristalsis and digestion.
Approximately 8 liters of intestinal juices are secreted into the GI tract daily, with only 100 ml of
water secreted into the feces.
• A) True
B) False
Correct Answer: A) True
Rationale: The majority of intestinal secretions are reabsorbed, leaving minimal water in feces.
Where is the concentration of [Na+] greater?
• A) Inside the cell
• B) Outside the cell
• C) In the cytoplasm
3
, GMS 6440 FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY EXAM LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS BEST STUDYING MATERIAL
• D) In the mitochondria
Correct Answer: B) Outside the cell
Rationale: Sodium ions are primarily concentrated in the extracellular fluid.
For a neutrally charged molecule, "Active" transport means that the molecules move across a
membrane:
• A) From high concentration to low concentration
• B) From low concentration to high concentration
• C) Passively without energy
• D) With the gradient
Correct Answer: B) From low concentration to high concentration
Rationale: Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.
What molecule is the source of energy for primary active transport?
• A) ADP
• B) GTP
• C) ATP
• D) NADH
Correct Answer: C) ATP
Rationale: ATP provides the necessary energy for active transport processes.
There is only one type of channel in cell membranes.
• A) True
• B) False
Correct Answer: B) False
Rationale: There are various types of channels, including ion channels, aquaporins, and gated channels.
In primary active transport, solutes move from an area of concentration to an area of
concentration.
• A) High, low
• B) Low, high
• C) Equal, equal
• D) High, equal
4
