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CHAPTER 1
The Study of the Person
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.1. Summarize the main objectives of personality psychology.
1.2. Understand the concept of a basic approach (or paradigm).
1.3. Define and distinguish between the major basic approaches to personality.
1.4. Explain Funder’s first law—that great strengths are usually great weaknesses and vice versa.
1.5. Evaluate the concept of the One Big Theory (OBT) and explain why separate approaches to personality are needed.
,MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which of the following is NOT part of the psychological triad?
a. behavior c. psychological health
b. thoughts d. feelings
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Study of the Person
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Remembering
2. Personality psychology and clinical psychology overlap most often when approaching which topic?
a. personality processes c. personality development
b. personality disorders d. None of the answer options is correct.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Study of the Person
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Remembering
3. Personality psychology shares with clinical psychology
a. an emphasis on mental disorders and the treatment of psychological problems.
b. a common obligation to try to understand the whole person.
c. a requirement that psychologists be licensed.
d. the fact that both personality psychologists and clinical psychologists are usually in private
practice rather than employed by universities.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: The Study of the Person
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Remembering
4. Which subfield of psychology uses personality psychology to understand vocational interests and occupational
success and leadership?
a. social c. developmental
b. cultural d. organizational
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: The Study of the Person
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Remembering
5. Which part of the psychological triad corresponds to cognitions about the self?
a. thoughts c. behaviors
b. traits d. disorders
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Study of the Person
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Understanding
6. Personality is an individual’s characteristic patterns of
a. behavior. c. thought.
b. emotion. d. All of the answer options are correct.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Remembering
7. The unique mandate of personality psychologists is to attempt to
, a. identify and measure individual differences in ability and behavior.
b. determine the effect of the social environment on behavior.
c. explain whole, functioning persons and real-life concerns.
d. prevent or treat psychological personality disorders.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Remembering
8. Advocates of any particular basic approach to personality historically
a. claimed that their approach explains everything worth explaining.
b. admitted that other approaches have their good points.
c. proudly asserted that they have deliberately limited what they have chosen to look at.
d. claimed that approaches cannot be compared with each other.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Remembering
9. In observing human behavior, it is impossible to
a. understand everything about a person all at once.
b. choose to limit what you look at in a person.
c. find patterns across different kinds of observation.
d. make any real progress toward solving the personality puzzle.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Understanding
10. The purpose of a basic approach (or paradigm) is to
a. expand the range of data you consider.
b. integrate diverse perspectives.
c. limit inquiry to certain kinds of observations and patterns.
d. resolve contradictions in data.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Understanding
11. The phenomenological approach leads to which two directions of research?
a. humanistic and cross-cultural perspectives on personality
b. humanistic and social-learning perspectives on personality
c. cross-cultural and cognitive perspectives on personality
d. trait and cross-cultural perspectives on personality
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Remembering
12. Personality psychologists who adhere to the approach try to understand people by way of identifying,
conceptualizing, and measuring the ways in which people differ psychologically from one another.
a. psychoanalytic c. cognitive
b. trait d. phenomenological
, ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Understanding
13. Personality psychologists adhering to the approach try to understand people by way of psychic energy, the
workings of the unconscious mind, and the nature and resolution of internal mental conflict.
a. psychoanalytic c. cognitive
b. trait d. phenomenological
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Understanding
14. The personality paradigm that focuses on rewards and punishments is known as the paradigm.
a. trait c. phenomenological
b. behaviorist d. psychoanalytic
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Understanding
15. theories of personality apply the insights and methods derived from the study of perception, memory, and
thought to the study of personality.
a. Psychoanalytic c. Cognitive
b. Trait d. Phenomenological
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Understanding
16. Psychologists following the phenomenological approach
a. focus on the workings of the unconscious mind and the resolution of internal mental conflict.
b. study how overt behavior is affected by rewards and punishments.
c. build theoretical models of how people process information.
d. are concerned with our conscious experience of the world and the consequences of having free
will.
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Understanding
17. Which of the following MOST closely represents a focal topic of the trait approach to personality?
a. understanding mental conflicts
b. measuring and conceptualizing individual differences
c. understanding the mind in terms of biological mechanisms
d. applying principles of behaviorism and social observation
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Understanding
18. Which of the following MOST closely represents a focal topic of the biological approach to personality?
a. understanding mental conflicts
b. measuring and conceptualizing individual differences
c. understanding the heritability of behavior and personality
d. applying principles of behaviorism and social observation
WELL VERIFIED ANSWERS||ALREADY GRADED
A+||DOWNLOAD NOW||
CHAPTER 1
The Study of the Person
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.1. Summarize the main objectives of personality psychology.
1.2. Understand the concept of a basic approach (or paradigm).
1.3. Define and distinguish between the major basic approaches to personality.
1.4. Explain Funder’s first law—that great strengths are usually great weaknesses and vice versa.
1.5. Evaluate the concept of the One Big Theory (OBT) and explain why separate approaches to personality are needed.
,MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which of the following is NOT part of the psychological triad?
a. behavior c. psychological health
b. thoughts d. feelings
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Study of the Person
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Remembering
2. Personality psychology and clinical psychology overlap most often when approaching which topic?
a. personality processes c. personality development
b. personality disorders d. None of the answer options is correct.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Study of the Person
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Remembering
3. Personality psychology shares with clinical psychology
a. an emphasis on mental disorders and the treatment of psychological problems.
b. a common obligation to try to understand the whole person.
c. a requirement that psychologists be licensed.
d. the fact that both personality psychologists and clinical psychologists are usually in private
practice rather than employed by universities.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: The Study of the Person
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Remembering
4. Which subfield of psychology uses personality psychology to understand vocational interests and occupational
success and leadership?
a. social c. developmental
b. cultural d. organizational
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: The Study of the Person
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Remembering
5. Which part of the psychological triad corresponds to cognitions about the self?
a. thoughts c. behaviors
b. traits d. disorders
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Study of the Person
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Understanding
6. Personality is an individual’s characteristic patterns of
a. behavior. c. thought.
b. emotion. d. All of the answer options are correct.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Remembering
7. The unique mandate of personality psychologists is to attempt to
, a. identify and measure individual differences in ability and behavior.
b. determine the effect of the social environment on behavior.
c. explain whole, functioning persons and real-life concerns.
d. prevent or treat psychological personality disorders.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Remembering
8. Advocates of any particular basic approach to personality historically
a. claimed that their approach explains everything worth explaining.
b. admitted that other approaches have their good points.
c. proudly asserted that they have deliberately limited what they have chosen to look at.
d. claimed that approaches cannot be compared with each other.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Remembering
9. In observing human behavior, it is impossible to
a. understand everything about a person all at once.
b. choose to limit what you look at in a person.
c. find patterns across different kinds of observation.
d. make any real progress toward solving the personality puzzle.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Understanding
10. The purpose of a basic approach (or paradigm) is to
a. expand the range of data you consider.
b. integrate diverse perspectives.
c. limit inquiry to certain kinds of observations and patterns.
d. resolve contradictions in data.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Understanding
11. The phenomenological approach leads to which two directions of research?
a. humanistic and cross-cultural perspectives on personality
b. humanistic and social-learning perspectives on personality
c. cross-cultural and cognitive perspectives on personality
d. trait and cross-cultural perspectives on personality
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Remembering
12. Personality psychologists who adhere to the approach try to understand people by way of identifying,
conceptualizing, and measuring the ways in which people differ psychologically from one another.
a. psychoanalytic c. cognitive
b. trait d. phenomenological
, ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Understanding
13. Personality psychologists adhering to the approach try to understand people by way of psychic energy, the
workings of the unconscious mind, and the nature and resolution of internal mental conflict.
a. psychoanalytic c. cognitive
b. trait d. phenomenological
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Understanding
14. The personality paradigm that focuses on rewards and punishments is known as the paradigm.
a. trait c. phenomenological
b. behaviorist d. psychoanalytic
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Understanding
15. theories of personality apply the insights and methods derived from the study of perception, memory, and
thought to the study of personality.
a. Psychoanalytic c. Cognitive
b. Trait d. Phenomenological
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Understanding
16. Psychologists following the phenomenological approach
a. focus on the workings of the unconscious mind and the resolution of internal mental conflict.
b. study how overt behavior is affected by rewards and punishments.
c. build theoretical models of how people process information.
d. are concerned with our conscious experience of the world and the consequences of having free
will.
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Understanding
17. Which of the following MOST closely represents a focal topic of the trait approach to personality?
a. understanding mental conflicts
b. measuring and conceptualizing individual differences
c. understanding the mind in terms of biological mechanisms
d. applying principles of behaviorism and social observation
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: The Goals of Personality Psychology
OBJ: 1.3 MSC: Understanding
18. Which of the following MOST closely represents a focal topic of the biological approach to personality?
a. understanding mental conflicts
b. measuring and conceptualizing individual differences
c. understanding the heritability of behavior and personality
d. applying principles of behaviorism and social observation
