BIOL 3470 — Final Exam questions
and answers passed
1 kilometer = ______ miles - correct answer ✔✔ 0.62 miles
1 mile = ____ km - correct answer ✔✔ 1.609 km
1 hectare (hr) = ______ m^2 - correct answer ✔✔ 10,000 m^2 (2.47 acres)
Reinforcement programs - correct answer ✔✔ releasing into an existing populations
Introduction program - correct answer ✔✔ moving individuals to ecologically suitable areas
OUTSIDE historical range, also known as assisted colonization
Why are introduction programs becoming more prevalent in recent decades and the future? -
correct answer ✔✔ with climate change shrinking the amount of suitable area for many species'
historical range, it may be necessary to be proactive to save species whose actual habitats were
lost to climate change
Reintroduction programs - correct answer ✔✔ releasing individuals in a historical range where
now absent
Why is hunting wolves to extinction nearly impossible? - correct answer ✔✔ without a systemic
poisoning/eradication program, they are smart enough and well capable to reinforce their
preexisting metapopulations in less human dense areas
,Why were wolves never hunted to extinction in Turkey? - correct answer ✔✔ In the areas where
they are most present (eastern), ancestral beliefs hold that wolves were what brought people to
the area by guiding them through the mountain ranges
What considerations need to be made for translocations for conservation? - correct answer ✔✔
1. Threats understood and addressed (otherwise, they'll just go in and die—wasting time and
money)
2. Species ecology understood
3. Species genetics understood
4. Enough viable habitat
5. Ecological risks addressed (predators, pests, invasive species)
6. People's concerned addressed
7. If it fails, must be possible to remove all offspring
Channel Island Kit Fox - correct answer ✔✔ An example of the importance of understanding the
ecology of a species;
• reintroduced native foxes being preyed upon by protected golden eagles also native to the
area
• need to protect the eagles...but we also need to protect the kit fox
• solution: eagles are being provided a "prey base" of wild introduced hogs that provide the
eagles a good amount of prey and increases their population
Hard release - correct answer ✔✔ The release of animals from captivity where they are not
provided with post-release support such as food
Soft release - correct answer ✔✔ give them a certain amount of time to adjust themself to the
habitat, could be fenced or monitored closely
, Disease and releases - correct answer ✔✔ Released animals often don't have immunity to
diseases and fungi that are present in their native range and can be especially vulnerable
Captivity and releases - correct answer ✔✔ Being raised in captivity is damaging; Young
especially can imprint on humans and will look for humans in general in their released ranges.
Some reintroduced species need social behaviors taught to them that are lost in captivity, or
require existing populations already
Why are stakeholder/local concerns so critical in reintroduction? - correct answer ✔✔ Local
pride is a large motivating factor, especially in small rural areas where ecotourism might be
small
e.g. kihansi spray toad and tanzanians; sika deer in taiwan
What is critical to establishing plant populations in particular? - correct answer ✔✔ microsite
ecology is critical to understand; it's hard to do but increases the success rate substantially. as
with animals, increasing the amount of added populations decreases the probability of
extinctions
difficulty of planting is also particular to the species. some can be spread as seeds, others are
planted as seedlings or saplings, other have to be raised in greenhouses until adulthood
What are the success factors behind reintroduction? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. greater for releases
in excellent-quality habitat
2. success was greater in the core of the historical range than at the periphery of and outside
the historical range
3. success was greater with wild-caught animals
4. success was greater for herbivores than carnivores
and answers passed
1 kilometer = ______ miles - correct answer ✔✔ 0.62 miles
1 mile = ____ km - correct answer ✔✔ 1.609 km
1 hectare (hr) = ______ m^2 - correct answer ✔✔ 10,000 m^2 (2.47 acres)
Reinforcement programs - correct answer ✔✔ releasing into an existing populations
Introduction program - correct answer ✔✔ moving individuals to ecologically suitable areas
OUTSIDE historical range, also known as assisted colonization
Why are introduction programs becoming more prevalent in recent decades and the future? -
correct answer ✔✔ with climate change shrinking the amount of suitable area for many species'
historical range, it may be necessary to be proactive to save species whose actual habitats were
lost to climate change
Reintroduction programs - correct answer ✔✔ releasing individuals in a historical range where
now absent
Why is hunting wolves to extinction nearly impossible? - correct answer ✔✔ without a systemic
poisoning/eradication program, they are smart enough and well capable to reinforce their
preexisting metapopulations in less human dense areas
,Why were wolves never hunted to extinction in Turkey? - correct answer ✔✔ In the areas where
they are most present (eastern), ancestral beliefs hold that wolves were what brought people to
the area by guiding them through the mountain ranges
What considerations need to be made for translocations for conservation? - correct answer ✔✔
1. Threats understood and addressed (otherwise, they'll just go in and die—wasting time and
money)
2. Species ecology understood
3. Species genetics understood
4. Enough viable habitat
5. Ecological risks addressed (predators, pests, invasive species)
6. People's concerned addressed
7. If it fails, must be possible to remove all offspring
Channel Island Kit Fox - correct answer ✔✔ An example of the importance of understanding the
ecology of a species;
• reintroduced native foxes being preyed upon by protected golden eagles also native to the
area
• need to protect the eagles...but we also need to protect the kit fox
• solution: eagles are being provided a "prey base" of wild introduced hogs that provide the
eagles a good amount of prey and increases their population
Hard release - correct answer ✔✔ The release of animals from captivity where they are not
provided with post-release support such as food
Soft release - correct answer ✔✔ give them a certain amount of time to adjust themself to the
habitat, could be fenced or monitored closely
, Disease and releases - correct answer ✔✔ Released animals often don't have immunity to
diseases and fungi that are present in their native range and can be especially vulnerable
Captivity and releases - correct answer ✔✔ Being raised in captivity is damaging; Young
especially can imprint on humans and will look for humans in general in their released ranges.
Some reintroduced species need social behaviors taught to them that are lost in captivity, or
require existing populations already
Why are stakeholder/local concerns so critical in reintroduction? - correct answer ✔✔ Local
pride is a large motivating factor, especially in small rural areas where ecotourism might be
small
e.g. kihansi spray toad and tanzanians; sika deer in taiwan
What is critical to establishing plant populations in particular? - correct answer ✔✔ microsite
ecology is critical to understand; it's hard to do but increases the success rate substantially. as
with animals, increasing the amount of added populations decreases the probability of
extinctions
difficulty of planting is also particular to the species. some can be spread as seeds, others are
planted as seedlings or saplings, other have to be raised in greenhouses until adulthood
What are the success factors behind reintroduction? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. greater for releases
in excellent-quality habitat
2. success was greater in the core of the historical range than at the periphery of and outside
the historical range
3. success was greater with wild-caught animals
4. success was greater for herbivores than carnivores
