APHON Chemo Course Exam Questions and
Answers (Solved Papers).
apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWERS natural cell death
necrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS cell death that results from an insult, such as a lack of blood
supply, physical trauma, or cytotoxic therapy that leads to rupture of the cell membrane and spilling of
cell contents
malignant cells - CORRECT ANSWERS cells that do not have a finite number of cell divisions as
normal cells do; lost the ability to undergo apoptosis; can keep replicating and dividing indefinitely
aberrant cell division - CORRECT ANSWERS the primary characteristic of malignant cells
tumor suppression genes - CORRECT ANSWERS these keep normal cellular growth in check by
regulating cell division, DNA repair, and apoptosis; if damaged or absent, cells lack the appropriate
growth-inhibiting signals and grow out of control
nadir - CORRECT ANSWERS the period of time after a course of chemotherapy in which the
patients blood counts are lowest
physical barrier - CORRECT ANSWERS the first layer of defense that provides protective
immunity through anatomic barriers; ex. skin, mucous membranes
innate passive immunity - CORRECT ANSWERS the second layer of defense that provides rapid,
nonspecific response to invading pathogens
adaptive acquired immunity - CORRECT ANSWERS the third layer of defense
, tumor marker - CORRECT ANSWERS a characteristic feature or byproduct of a tumor cell that
serves as a useful indication of tumor cell origin or tumor activity
risk stratification - CORRECT ANSWERS allows for tailoring therapy after consideration of
factors beyond those traditional staging systems; this approach allows for early intensification of
treatment
pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWERS the movement of a drug in the body and studies how
the body affects the administered drug
pharmacogenetics - CORRECT ANSWERS the study of how a person's genetic makeup affects
that person's response to drug therapy
surgery - CORRECT ANSWERS often used as a method for treating cancer with the primary goal
being to reduce the tumor burden so that any remaining cancer cells can be more effectively destroyed
by host immunologic factors, chemo, or immunotherapy
resection - CORRECT ANSWERS surgical treatment of a tumor by removing it
complete resection - CORRECT ANSWERS surgical treatment that involves the removal of all
visible and microscopic evidence of the tumor
partial resection - CORRECT ANSWERS surgical debulking that involves resecting a portion of
the tumor because the entire mass cannot be completely or safely removed
chemotherapy - CORRECT ANSWERS drug therapy aimed at reducing visible tumor volume by
cytotoxic effects and preventing tumor cell division and spread; agents are designed to kill malignant
cells during different phases of the cell cycle
Answers (Solved Papers).
apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWERS natural cell death
necrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS cell death that results from an insult, such as a lack of blood
supply, physical trauma, or cytotoxic therapy that leads to rupture of the cell membrane and spilling of
cell contents
malignant cells - CORRECT ANSWERS cells that do not have a finite number of cell divisions as
normal cells do; lost the ability to undergo apoptosis; can keep replicating and dividing indefinitely
aberrant cell division - CORRECT ANSWERS the primary characteristic of malignant cells
tumor suppression genes - CORRECT ANSWERS these keep normal cellular growth in check by
regulating cell division, DNA repair, and apoptosis; if damaged or absent, cells lack the appropriate
growth-inhibiting signals and grow out of control
nadir - CORRECT ANSWERS the period of time after a course of chemotherapy in which the
patients blood counts are lowest
physical barrier - CORRECT ANSWERS the first layer of defense that provides protective
immunity through anatomic barriers; ex. skin, mucous membranes
innate passive immunity - CORRECT ANSWERS the second layer of defense that provides rapid,
nonspecific response to invading pathogens
adaptive acquired immunity - CORRECT ANSWERS the third layer of defense
, tumor marker - CORRECT ANSWERS a characteristic feature or byproduct of a tumor cell that
serves as a useful indication of tumor cell origin or tumor activity
risk stratification - CORRECT ANSWERS allows for tailoring therapy after consideration of
factors beyond those traditional staging systems; this approach allows for early intensification of
treatment
pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWERS the movement of a drug in the body and studies how
the body affects the administered drug
pharmacogenetics - CORRECT ANSWERS the study of how a person's genetic makeup affects
that person's response to drug therapy
surgery - CORRECT ANSWERS often used as a method for treating cancer with the primary goal
being to reduce the tumor burden so that any remaining cancer cells can be more effectively destroyed
by host immunologic factors, chemo, or immunotherapy
resection - CORRECT ANSWERS surgical treatment of a tumor by removing it
complete resection - CORRECT ANSWERS surgical treatment that involves the removal of all
visible and microscopic evidence of the tumor
partial resection - CORRECT ANSWERS surgical debulking that involves resecting a portion of
the tumor because the entire mass cannot be completely or safely removed
chemotherapy - CORRECT ANSWERS drug therapy aimed at reducing visible tumor volume by
cytotoxic effects and preventing tumor cell division and spread; agents are designed to kill malignant
cells during different phases of the cell cycle
