UAMS Immunology Exam 3
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1. Specificity Ability of a particular antibody (ABY) to combine with one antigen
(AGN) instead of another.
2. cross reactivity Two or more ABYs will interact with structurally similar AGNs“Homolo-
gous AGN/ABY
3. affinity Initial attraction between a Fab site & one epitope (localized interac-
tion)
4. Avidity Sum of all antibody-epitope pairs
The measure of the overall stability of antigen-antibody complex
5. Agglutination-Particu- occurs when ABYs & particulate (big particles) AGNs cross-link to form
late AGN + Appropriate large, visible lattices
ABY =Clumping Can be performed on slide, in tube test or in microtiter plate
6. Factors affecting lattice Relative concentrations of AGN & ABY
formation Environmentæ Temperature
IgG reacts best at 30oto 37o C (WARM ABY)
IgM best at 4oto 27oC (COLD ABY)
pH: Usually best at 6.7 to 7.2
Type of immunoglobulin
IgM: Large molecules can bridge gap
IgG: Small size; needs help bridging the gap between bacterial cells &
RBCs
7. Direct agglutionation Reactions are easy to perform
Most results are qualitative; dilutions can be made to obtain
semi-quantitative results
Target found naturally on particle
, UAMS Immunology Exam 3
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Used to detect AGN or ABY
Hemagglutinationwhen RBC involved
8. passive agglutination Known ANG
AKA indirect or particle unknow ABY
agglutination test Carrier Yes
AGNs are put on carrier particles to improve the visibility of reactions
Latex beads coated with known antigen
Mixed w/ serum (unknown antibodies)
Latex-AGN + serum (ABY)
Variety of particles used: RBC, latex, gelatin, silicates, synthetic beads,
9. Reverse passive aggluti- ABY (known)-carrier+AGN-unknown (from the patient specimen)
nation Variety of particles used:RBC, latex, gelatin, silicates, synthetic beads
10. Coagulation Systems using bacteria as the inert particle-Staphylococcus aureus
ABY is known; AGN is unknown
11. Agglutination inhibition known ABY
Unknown AGN
Carrier-known AGN
Based on competition between particulate & soluble AGNs for the
limited number of ABY sites
Lack of agglutination is an indicator of a positive reaction
12. Precipitation Combination of soluble AGN with soluble ABY to produce insoluble
complexes which are visible
, UAMS Immunology Exam 3
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13. Turbidimetry The measure of the cloudiness or turbidity of a solution
Light is passed through a solution (w/ ABY & AGN) -a detection device
is placed in direct line with the incident light
The device measures the decrease in light intensity compared to a
blank
14. Nephelometry Measure light scattered at a particular angle from the incident beam
The amount of light scattered is an index of the concentration of the
solution
More sensitive than turbidimetry
15. Ouchterlony Double diffusion assay using a semisolid medium where adjacent
samples of antigen and antibody solution interact to reveal identity,
nonidentity or partial identity.
16. IFE Use current to separate unknown antigen; add known antibody; stain
and read
17. Rocket ID Known antibody in gel; unknown antigen in well; add electrical current
18. Western blot test Use current to separate unknown antigen; transfer to membrane; add
known antibodies; stain and read- HIV
19. radioimmunoassay
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c1bztj
1. Specificity Ability of a particular antibody (ABY) to combine with one antigen
(AGN) instead of another.
2. cross reactivity Two or more ABYs will interact with structurally similar AGNs“Homolo-
gous AGN/ABY
3. affinity Initial attraction between a Fab site & one epitope (localized interac-
tion)
4. Avidity Sum of all antibody-epitope pairs
The measure of the overall stability of antigen-antibody complex
5. Agglutination-Particu- occurs when ABYs & particulate (big particles) AGNs cross-link to form
late AGN + Appropriate large, visible lattices
ABY =Clumping Can be performed on slide, in tube test or in microtiter plate
6. Factors affecting lattice Relative concentrations of AGN & ABY
formation Environmentæ Temperature
IgG reacts best at 30oto 37o C (WARM ABY)
IgM best at 4oto 27oC (COLD ABY)
pH: Usually best at 6.7 to 7.2
Type of immunoglobulin
IgM: Large molecules can bridge gap
IgG: Small size; needs help bridging the gap between bacterial cells &
RBCs
7. Direct agglutionation Reactions are easy to perform
Most results are qualitative; dilutions can be made to obtain
semi-quantitative results
Target found naturally on particle
, UAMS Immunology Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c1bztj
Used to detect AGN or ABY
Hemagglutinationwhen RBC involved
8. passive agglutination Known ANG
AKA indirect or particle unknow ABY
agglutination test Carrier Yes
AGNs are put on carrier particles to improve the visibility of reactions
Latex beads coated with known antigen
Mixed w/ serum (unknown antibodies)
Latex-AGN + serum (ABY)
Variety of particles used: RBC, latex, gelatin, silicates, synthetic beads,
9. Reverse passive aggluti- ABY (known)-carrier+AGN-unknown (from the patient specimen)
nation Variety of particles used:RBC, latex, gelatin, silicates, synthetic beads
10. Coagulation Systems using bacteria as the inert particle-Staphylococcus aureus
ABY is known; AGN is unknown
11. Agglutination inhibition known ABY
Unknown AGN
Carrier-known AGN
Based on competition between particulate & soluble AGNs for the
limited number of ABY sites
Lack of agglutination is an indicator of a positive reaction
12. Precipitation Combination of soluble AGN with soluble ABY to produce insoluble
complexes which are visible
, UAMS Immunology Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c1bztj
13. Turbidimetry The measure of the cloudiness or turbidity of a solution
Light is passed through a solution (w/ ABY & AGN) -a detection device
is placed in direct line with the incident light
The device measures the decrease in light intensity compared to a
blank
14. Nephelometry Measure light scattered at a particular angle from the incident beam
The amount of light scattered is an index of the concentration of the
solution
More sensitive than turbidimetry
15. Ouchterlony Double diffusion assay using a semisolid medium where adjacent
samples of antigen and antibody solution interact to reveal identity,
nonidentity or partial identity.
16. IFE Use current to separate unknown antigen; add known antibody; stain
and read
17. Rocket ID Known antibody in gel; unknown antigen in well; add electrical current
18. Western blot test Use current to separate unknown antigen; transfer to membrane; add
known antibodies; stain and read- HIV
19. radioimmunoassay
