UAMS Blood Bank Exam #1
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1. Confirming patient ID What is the most impor-
tant step when drawing
blood on a patient?
2. The study of blood group antigens and antibodies to What is the study of
successfully provide safe and effective blood compo- Blood Bank/Immunohe-
nents for treatment. matology and what is the
main purpose?
3. The transfused cells or plasma survive to supplement What is the main point to a
what the patient is lacking. Examples: O2 for chronic blood transfusion?
anemia, volume for acute blood loss, platelets or FFP
for cryoprecipitate. ABO typing is essential because
red cells do no good in a transfusion if they are de-
stroyed by the recipient's immune system.
4. Protecting the body from disease and foreign in- What is immunology the
vaders. The body must recognize foreign and non self process of?
antigens. Antibodies are produced against these to
cause their destruction. Transfused RBCs can also be
destroyed if they carry non-self antigens.
5. The cell membrane is destroyed by the complement What is intravascular he-
instead of the antibody inside the blood vessel. These molysis in blood banking?
AGNs are associated with IgM, because it can fix the
complement and activate the membrane attack com-
plex.
Intravascular hemolysis causes immediate problems.
Cells are destroyed and the kidneys are damaged by
RBC fragments. Intravascular is much more serious
than extravascular.
6.
, UAMS Blood Bank Exam #1
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AGNs are coated with IgG; ABY is attached to cell What is extravascular he-
membrane. Complex is removed by the spleen. Ex- molysis?
amples include delayed transfusion reactions and he-
molytic disease of the newborn. Less severe than in-
travascular hemolysis.
7. Humoral - ABY or B cell mediated; involves the produc- What are the 2 types of
tion of ABYs by B lymphocytes that are converted to immune responses?
plasma cells. Macrophages ingest and process foreign
AGN, which reacts with T cells to stimulate B cell trans-
formation. Consists of fluid; found in plasma, saliva,
and other bodily secretions. Once a cell is coated with
ABY, it is destroyed by phagocytosis, complement, or
spleen.
Cellular - T cell mediated; Involves the direct interac-
tion of T lymphs with foreign cells; T cells produce a
variety of substances such as chemotactic factors and
mediators of inflammation, CD4 helper cells to trans-
form B cells into plasma cells, CD8 suppressor cells
to suppress ABY formation to auto AGNs, and natur-
al killer cells to cause death by lysis. Macrophages,
T cells, and dendritic cells; involves the production
of cytokines and chemokines with cellular activation.
Examples include delayed hypersensitivity and trans-
plant immunology.
8. Lyses ABY coated cells and serves to mediate op- What does the comple-
sonization to prepare for phagocytosis by neutrophils ment do? What is the
and macrophages. C1. C3b. C5-9. recognition unit? What at-
taches to the RBC mem-
brane and can be an in-
dicator that the comple-
, UAMS Blood Bank Exam #1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cll3j9
ment has been activated?
What is the membrane at-
tack complex?
9. Substances capable of inducing a specific immune What are AGNs or im-
response, composed of protein, carb, or lipid. Usually munogens? What are they
bound to RBCs. AGNs can stick out from the surface composed of? What are
of the cell or be an integral part of the cell membrane. they usually bound to?
Those that stick out tend to be more antigenic. ABO Where are AGNs located
and Rh. on a cell? What are the
most antigenic and what
are examples?
10. Epitope, also referred to as the antigenic determinant. What is the portion of
This needs to be a good fit for binding purposes. the AGN where the ABY
Through injection, inhalation, or ingestion. combines? What does this
need to be? How can an
AGN be acquired?
11. Avidity. Affinity of ABY, valency, and non-covalent at- What is the overall
tractive forces. strength of reaction be-
tween several epitopes
and ABYs. What is this de-
pendent upon?
12. Proteins synthesized by plasma cells. They are pro- What are ABYs or im-
duced following direct interaction of an AGN with a munoglobulins? How and
macrophage. Macrophage bound AGNs interact with when are they produced?
T cells that induce T cell transformation and plasma
cell / B cell activation. Plasma cells produce ABYs that
then combine with the AGNs that stimulated the ABY
production.
, UAMS Blood Bank Exam #1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cll3j9
13. Alloantibody - ABY to foreign substance What are the different
Autoantibody - ABY to self types of ABYs?
14. 2 polypeptide chains - one heavy and one light joined What is the structure of
by a disulfide bond. Heavy chains - Mu (IgM) and an immunoglobulin relat-
gamma (IgG). A monomer is formed with 2 identical ing to their classification?
halves. ABYs are classified based on heavy chain com- What is the overall im-
position. munoglobulin structure?
Light chains - kappa and lambda
Heavy chain, light chain, Fab portion (binds to the
epitope), Fc portion (binding site for complement and
macrophage Fc receptors), Hinge region (allows flex-
ibility for immunoglobulin to attach to AGN), and en-
zyme cleavage (enzymes pepsin and papain split ABY
at hinge region resulting in one Fc and two Fabs)
15. IgG and IgM. What are the 2 classes of
IgG - gamma heavy chain, 1 monomer, can cross the ABY found in Blood Bank?
placenta, warm ABY (37C), seen with secondary im- What are the character-
mune response, can sometimes fix the complement, istics of each? Which is
is not naturally occurring (can only be built after pre- associated with hemolytic
vious exposure by blood transfusion or pregnancy), disease of the newborn?
requires an enhancer to form visible agglutination
lattice, and has 2 AGN binding sites.
IgM - mu heavy chain, 5 monomers, cannot cross the
placenta, cold ABY (4-25C), seen with primary immune
response, can always fixes complement, naturally oc-
curring, does not need an enhancer to form visible
lattice, and 10 AGN binding sites.
IgG because it can cross the placenta
16.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cll3j9
1. Confirming patient ID What is the most impor-
tant step when drawing
blood on a patient?
2. The study of blood group antigens and antibodies to What is the study of
successfully provide safe and effective blood compo- Blood Bank/Immunohe-
nents for treatment. matology and what is the
main purpose?
3. The transfused cells or plasma survive to supplement What is the main point to a
what the patient is lacking. Examples: O2 for chronic blood transfusion?
anemia, volume for acute blood loss, platelets or FFP
for cryoprecipitate. ABO typing is essential because
red cells do no good in a transfusion if they are de-
stroyed by the recipient's immune system.
4. Protecting the body from disease and foreign in- What is immunology the
vaders. The body must recognize foreign and non self process of?
antigens. Antibodies are produced against these to
cause their destruction. Transfused RBCs can also be
destroyed if they carry non-self antigens.
5. The cell membrane is destroyed by the complement What is intravascular he-
instead of the antibody inside the blood vessel. These molysis in blood banking?
AGNs are associated with IgM, because it can fix the
complement and activate the membrane attack com-
plex.
Intravascular hemolysis causes immediate problems.
Cells are destroyed and the kidneys are damaged by
RBC fragments. Intravascular is much more serious
than extravascular.
6.
, UAMS Blood Bank Exam #1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cll3j9
AGNs are coated with IgG; ABY is attached to cell What is extravascular he-
membrane. Complex is removed by the spleen. Ex- molysis?
amples include delayed transfusion reactions and he-
molytic disease of the newborn. Less severe than in-
travascular hemolysis.
7. Humoral - ABY or B cell mediated; involves the produc- What are the 2 types of
tion of ABYs by B lymphocytes that are converted to immune responses?
plasma cells. Macrophages ingest and process foreign
AGN, which reacts with T cells to stimulate B cell trans-
formation. Consists of fluid; found in plasma, saliva,
and other bodily secretions. Once a cell is coated with
ABY, it is destroyed by phagocytosis, complement, or
spleen.
Cellular - T cell mediated; Involves the direct interac-
tion of T lymphs with foreign cells; T cells produce a
variety of substances such as chemotactic factors and
mediators of inflammation, CD4 helper cells to trans-
form B cells into plasma cells, CD8 suppressor cells
to suppress ABY formation to auto AGNs, and natur-
al killer cells to cause death by lysis. Macrophages,
T cells, and dendritic cells; involves the production
of cytokines and chemokines with cellular activation.
Examples include delayed hypersensitivity and trans-
plant immunology.
8. Lyses ABY coated cells and serves to mediate op- What does the comple-
sonization to prepare for phagocytosis by neutrophils ment do? What is the
and macrophages. C1. C3b. C5-9. recognition unit? What at-
taches to the RBC mem-
brane and can be an in-
dicator that the comple-
, UAMS Blood Bank Exam #1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cll3j9
ment has been activated?
What is the membrane at-
tack complex?
9. Substances capable of inducing a specific immune What are AGNs or im-
response, composed of protein, carb, or lipid. Usually munogens? What are they
bound to RBCs. AGNs can stick out from the surface composed of? What are
of the cell or be an integral part of the cell membrane. they usually bound to?
Those that stick out tend to be more antigenic. ABO Where are AGNs located
and Rh. on a cell? What are the
most antigenic and what
are examples?
10. Epitope, also referred to as the antigenic determinant. What is the portion of
This needs to be a good fit for binding purposes. the AGN where the ABY
Through injection, inhalation, or ingestion. combines? What does this
need to be? How can an
AGN be acquired?
11. Avidity. Affinity of ABY, valency, and non-covalent at- What is the overall
tractive forces. strength of reaction be-
tween several epitopes
and ABYs. What is this de-
pendent upon?
12. Proteins synthesized by plasma cells. They are pro- What are ABYs or im-
duced following direct interaction of an AGN with a munoglobulins? How and
macrophage. Macrophage bound AGNs interact with when are they produced?
T cells that induce T cell transformation and plasma
cell / B cell activation. Plasma cells produce ABYs that
then combine with the AGNs that stimulated the ABY
production.
, UAMS Blood Bank Exam #1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cll3j9
13. Alloantibody - ABY to foreign substance What are the different
Autoantibody - ABY to self types of ABYs?
14. 2 polypeptide chains - one heavy and one light joined What is the structure of
by a disulfide bond. Heavy chains - Mu (IgM) and an immunoglobulin relat-
gamma (IgG). A monomer is formed with 2 identical ing to their classification?
halves. ABYs are classified based on heavy chain com- What is the overall im-
position. munoglobulin structure?
Light chains - kappa and lambda
Heavy chain, light chain, Fab portion (binds to the
epitope), Fc portion (binding site for complement and
macrophage Fc receptors), Hinge region (allows flex-
ibility for immunoglobulin to attach to AGN), and en-
zyme cleavage (enzymes pepsin and papain split ABY
at hinge region resulting in one Fc and two Fabs)
15. IgG and IgM. What are the 2 classes of
IgG - gamma heavy chain, 1 monomer, can cross the ABY found in Blood Bank?
placenta, warm ABY (37C), seen with secondary im- What are the character-
mune response, can sometimes fix the complement, istics of each? Which is
is not naturally occurring (can only be built after pre- associated with hemolytic
vious exposure by blood transfusion or pregnancy), disease of the newborn?
requires an enhancer to form visible agglutination
lattice, and has 2 AGN binding sites.
IgM - mu heavy chain, 5 monomers, cannot cross the
placenta, cold ABY (4-25C), seen with primary immune
response, can always fixes complement, naturally oc-
curring, does not need an enhancer to form visible
lattice, and 10 AGN binding sites.
IgG because it can cross the placenta
16.
