IPHY 2420 CU BOULDER FINAL WITH
100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
what is an essential amino acid? - ANSWER-cannot be produced in our body and has
to be obtained through food
how many amino acids are essential? - ANSWER-9 out of 20
how can a vegan consume all of the necessary amino acids? - ANSWER-eat plant
foods with all nine, such as rice and beans
describe the function proteins have in electrolyte balance - ANSWER-- transport
membranes are embedded in the cell membrane, where they aid in movement in and
outside of the cell
- sodium from the inside of the cell binds to the transport protein, which then releases it
to the outside of the cell
- potassium binds to a transport protein from outside of the cell, where it is then
released to the inside of the cell
jacob has had a difficult time meeting all nutrient needs consuming food alone. would
you recommend a supplement for Jacob, why or why not? if so, what kind of dietary
supplement would you recommend? - ANSWER-- a supplement could help, but he
needs to change his diet first
- if he wants a supplement, he should supplement with a protein powder. it is usually
consumed with liquids, so he won't feel overly full
- whey protein may be a better option than casein protein for Jacob if he plans to
consume it after his workouts because it is very high in all of the essential amino acids
and it is fast acting which means the amino acids will be absorbed quickly
- casein would work before bed since it's slow acting
describe fluid balance and how it is achieved in the body, as well as the role of
electrolytes in achieving this - ANSWER-- fluid balance allows for control and
maintenance of cellular function and nerve impulses
- electrolytes are important because this is how water enters and exits the cells; water
follows the movement of electrolytes, a controlled process called osmosis
- factors that control and maintain fluid balance:
- thirst mechanism: in the hypothalamus that is triggered by an increased concentration
of salts in the blood, decreased blood volume and blood pressure
- water loss: through evaporative cooling, exhalation, urine, feces
- water gain: through foods, beverages, and metabolic reactions
, describe what hypertension is and what the risk factors are for developing it, ad how it
can be treated - ANSWER-- hypertension describes high blood pressure (<130/80) and
is a warning sign for individuals who are at risk for developing cardiovascular disease
- it can be hereditary but poor nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, ad obesity are also causes
- hypertension can be treated by decreasing sodium intake and increasing potassium
intake
- people with hypertension should follow the DASH diet, which consists of plenty of
foods that are low in sodium and higher in potassium such as fruits and vegetables
what functions and health benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide? what is the best
source of omega-3 fatty acids to consume to experience these benefits? - ANSWER-- it
serves to regulate cellular function, regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, and
inflammation
- it can lower blood triglyceride levels, CVD risk, and stroke
- it is always best to consume omega-3 fatty acids from food sources such as fatty fish
because food sources are better than supplements
- consuming fatty fish will provide active form of omega-3 (DHA and EPA) whereas the
form of omega-3 fatty acid in flax must be converted to DHA and EPA, which is not an
efficient process
what does the term bioavailability refer to? - ANSWER-how much of a certain nutrient is
actually absorbed by the body
vitamin K plays an important role in bone health and blood clotting. Besides leafy
greens and other vegetables, which of the following is another source of vitamin K -
ANSWER-bacteria in the large intestine produces vitamin K as a byproduct of digestion
explain the negative side effects of a city adding too much fluoride to their water -
ANSWER-it would cause fluorosis
rickets is a condition that affects bone growth in children. there has been an increase in
cases among children in the last couple decades. what about our lifestyle changes
could explain this recent increase? - ANSWER-- children need to spend more time
outside and more time being physically active
- if children go outside they should put on sunscreen but not too much where UV rays
cannot start the synthesis of vitamin D
Jeff has a BMI of 30 and wants to lose weight. He has tried multiple diets, but he always
ends up gaining the weight back. What are some ways Jeff could lose weight and
maintain it over a long period of time? - ANSWER-- gradual decrease in energy intake
tends to be most effective
- decrease calorie consumption about 500-1000 calories a day
- regular physical activity
- set realistic, specific, and measurable goals and monitor progress
- diet changes such as smaller portions and consume foods lower in energy density and
higher in nutrient density
100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
what is an essential amino acid? - ANSWER-cannot be produced in our body and has
to be obtained through food
how many amino acids are essential? - ANSWER-9 out of 20
how can a vegan consume all of the necessary amino acids? - ANSWER-eat plant
foods with all nine, such as rice and beans
describe the function proteins have in electrolyte balance - ANSWER-- transport
membranes are embedded in the cell membrane, where they aid in movement in and
outside of the cell
- sodium from the inside of the cell binds to the transport protein, which then releases it
to the outside of the cell
- potassium binds to a transport protein from outside of the cell, where it is then
released to the inside of the cell
jacob has had a difficult time meeting all nutrient needs consuming food alone. would
you recommend a supplement for Jacob, why or why not? if so, what kind of dietary
supplement would you recommend? - ANSWER-- a supplement could help, but he
needs to change his diet first
- if he wants a supplement, he should supplement with a protein powder. it is usually
consumed with liquids, so he won't feel overly full
- whey protein may be a better option than casein protein for Jacob if he plans to
consume it after his workouts because it is very high in all of the essential amino acids
and it is fast acting which means the amino acids will be absorbed quickly
- casein would work before bed since it's slow acting
describe fluid balance and how it is achieved in the body, as well as the role of
electrolytes in achieving this - ANSWER-- fluid balance allows for control and
maintenance of cellular function and nerve impulses
- electrolytes are important because this is how water enters and exits the cells; water
follows the movement of electrolytes, a controlled process called osmosis
- factors that control and maintain fluid balance:
- thirst mechanism: in the hypothalamus that is triggered by an increased concentration
of salts in the blood, decreased blood volume and blood pressure
- water loss: through evaporative cooling, exhalation, urine, feces
- water gain: through foods, beverages, and metabolic reactions
, describe what hypertension is and what the risk factors are for developing it, ad how it
can be treated - ANSWER-- hypertension describes high blood pressure (<130/80) and
is a warning sign for individuals who are at risk for developing cardiovascular disease
- it can be hereditary but poor nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, ad obesity are also causes
- hypertension can be treated by decreasing sodium intake and increasing potassium
intake
- people with hypertension should follow the DASH diet, which consists of plenty of
foods that are low in sodium and higher in potassium such as fruits and vegetables
what functions and health benefits do omega-3 fatty acids provide? what is the best
source of omega-3 fatty acids to consume to experience these benefits? - ANSWER-- it
serves to regulate cellular function, regulate blood pressure, blood clotting, and
inflammation
- it can lower blood triglyceride levels, CVD risk, and stroke
- it is always best to consume omega-3 fatty acids from food sources such as fatty fish
because food sources are better than supplements
- consuming fatty fish will provide active form of omega-3 (DHA and EPA) whereas the
form of omega-3 fatty acid in flax must be converted to DHA and EPA, which is not an
efficient process
what does the term bioavailability refer to? - ANSWER-how much of a certain nutrient is
actually absorbed by the body
vitamin K plays an important role in bone health and blood clotting. Besides leafy
greens and other vegetables, which of the following is another source of vitamin K -
ANSWER-bacteria in the large intestine produces vitamin K as a byproduct of digestion
explain the negative side effects of a city adding too much fluoride to their water -
ANSWER-it would cause fluorosis
rickets is a condition that affects bone growth in children. there has been an increase in
cases among children in the last couple decades. what about our lifestyle changes
could explain this recent increase? - ANSWER-- children need to spend more time
outside and more time being physically active
- if children go outside they should put on sunscreen but not too much where UV rays
cannot start the synthesis of vitamin D
Jeff has a BMI of 30 and wants to lose weight. He has tried multiple diets, but he always
ends up gaining the weight back. What are some ways Jeff could lose weight and
maintain it over a long period of time? - ANSWER-- gradual decrease in energy intake
tends to be most effective
- decrease calorie consumption about 500-1000 calories a day
- regular physical activity
- set realistic, specific, and measurable goals and monitor progress
- diet changes such as smaller portions and consume foods lower in energy density and
higher in nutrient density
