Rutgers General Biology 116 Final
Practice Exam Questions with Correct
Answers
Which of the following is a process of genetic recombination that involves the uptake
of foreign DNA from a prokaryotic cell's surroundings?
a. transformation
b. conjugation
c. mutation
d. transduction
e. transcription - ANSWER-a. transformation
Mitochondria are most closely related to which extant group of bacteria?
a. alpha proteobacteria
b. spirochetes
c. cyanobacteria
d. gram-positive bacteria
e. chlamydias - ANSWER-a. alpha proteobacteria
You have isolated a new species of bacteria that grows rapidly if provided with
glucose and oxygen and more slowly without oxygen. If provided with inorganic
carbon instead of glucose, it cannot grow at all. Which of the following best describes
this species?
a. Heterotrophic obligate anaerobe
b. Autotrophic obligate aerobe
c. Heterotrophic obligate aerobe
d. Heterotrophic facultative anaerobe
e. Autotrophic facultative anaerobe - ANSWER-d. Heterotrophic facultative anaerobe
Which of the following cell structures are found in BOTH prokaryotes AND
eukaryotes?
I. cell wall
II. nucleoid
III. ribosomes
IV. flagellum
V. golgi apparatus - ANSWER-I, III, and IV (cell wall, ribosomes, and flagellum)
Which of the following describe transformation, transduction, AND conjugation?
,I. occur in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
II. involves a phage
III. leads to genetic recombination
IV. increases the rate of mutation
V. leads to genetic variation in prokaryotes - ANSWER-III and V (leads to genetic
recombination and leads to genetic variation in prokaryotes)
Which of the following are TRUE regarding domains bacteria and archaea?
I. only bacteria have peptidoglycan cell walls
II. archaea are more often associated with extreme environments
III. bacteria must be aerobic, archaea can be aerobic or anaerobic
IV. bactera are more closely related to eukarya than archaea - ANSWER-I and II
(only bacteria have peptidoglycan cell walls and archaea are more often associated
with extreme environments)
Which of the following groups is mostly multicellular?
a. trypanosomes
b. parabasalids
c. red algae
d. diatoms
e. entamoebas - ANSWER-c. red algae
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic found in the hypothetical ancestor of
all protists?
a. endosymbiosis
b. chloroplasts
c. heterotrophic
d. glycolysis
e. ribosomes - ANSWER-b. chloroplasts
Which characteric(s) is/are shared by diplomonads, gram-positive bacteria, and
viruses?
I. nucleus
II. genetic material
III. plasma membrane
IV. mitosomes
V. peptidoglycan - ANSWER-II only (genetic material)
You have discovered an organism and think that it is a green alga. If you are correct,
which of the following characteristics should this organism possess?
a. kinetoplastids
b. micronucleus and macronucleus
c. photosynthetic pigments
d. hydrogenosomes
e. excavated feeding groove - ANSWER-c. photosynthetic pigments
,You are examing a few cells of a multicellular organism under the microscope and
notice that the cells possess chitin in their cell walls, functional mitochondria, and two
haploid nuclei in every cell. What group(s) could this organism belong to?
I. archaea
II. eukarya
III. excavata
IV. nucleariids
V. opisthokonta - ANSWER-II and V (eukarya and opisthokonta)
What group possesses hydrogenosomes?
a. amebozoans
b. diplomonads
c. stramenopiles
d. parabasalids
e. alveolates - ANSWER-d. parabasalids
All protists share a common ancestor that had which of the following traits?
a. mitochondria
b. plastids
c. nucleus
d. b and c
e. a and c - ANSWER-e. a and c
Which characteristics are shared by parabasalids and stramenopiles?
I. hydrogenosomes
II. hairy flagellum
III. DNA
IV. phycoerythrin
V. plasma membrane - ANSWER-III and V (DNA and plasma membrane)
In fungi, pheromones are important because they prevent:
a. hyphae from one mycelium fusing with the hyphae of a genetically identical
mycelium
b. hyphae from producing hydrolytic enzymes in dry environments
c. the release of sexual signaling molecules from fruiting bodies
d. the fusion of two nuclei during plasmogamy
e. two different mating types from fusing with each other - ANSWER-a. hyphae from
one mycelium fusing with the hyphae of a genetically identical mycelium
According to our recent understanding of eukaryotic phylogenetics, the most likely
sister group to the Kingdom fungi is the:
a. nucleariids
b. ameobozaoans
, c. opisthokonts
d. chytrids
e. animals - ANSWER-a. nucleariids
Which of the following fungal structures are used for spore dispersal?
a. mycelium
b. haustoria
c. chitin
d. hydrolases
e. aerial hyphae - ANSWER-e. aerial hyphae
Place the following steps of zygomycete sexual reproduction in the CORRECT order,
starting with mature mycelium.
I. Opposite mating types detect pheremones
II. Karyogamy
III. Plasmogamy
IV. Meiosis
V. Spores released - ANSWER-I > III > II > IV > V
Which of the following are found in members of the Kingdom fungi?
I. photosynthesis
II. hydrolases
III. internal digestion
IV. cell walls
V. single-cell organisms - ANSWER-II, IV, and V (hydrolases, cell walls, and single-
celled organisms)
Which characteristics are shared by chytrids, zygomycetes, and glomeromycetes?
I. Cell wall comprised of cellulose
II. flagaellated spores
III. heterotrophic resource acquisition
IV. photosynthesis
V. members of superfamily Unikonta - ANSWER-III and V (heterotrophic resource
acquisition and members of superfamily Unikonta)
Dr. Zhivago is studying mycorrhizae and has developed a chemical which destroys
the fungus. What do you predict will be the direct effect on the plant by using this
chemical?
a. it will not be able to undergo pollination
b. it will not have enough minerals to grow properly
c. its rate of water uptake will be increased
d. it will not have enough carbohydrates to grow normally
e. it will thicken its layer of cuticle - ANSWER-b. it will not have enough minerals to
grow properly
Practice Exam Questions with Correct
Answers
Which of the following is a process of genetic recombination that involves the uptake
of foreign DNA from a prokaryotic cell's surroundings?
a. transformation
b. conjugation
c. mutation
d. transduction
e. transcription - ANSWER-a. transformation
Mitochondria are most closely related to which extant group of bacteria?
a. alpha proteobacteria
b. spirochetes
c. cyanobacteria
d. gram-positive bacteria
e. chlamydias - ANSWER-a. alpha proteobacteria
You have isolated a new species of bacteria that grows rapidly if provided with
glucose and oxygen and more slowly without oxygen. If provided with inorganic
carbon instead of glucose, it cannot grow at all. Which of the following best describes
this species?
a. Heterotrophic obligate anaerobe
b. Autotrophic obligate aerobe
c. Heterotrophic obligate aerobe
d. Heterotrophic facultative anaerobe
e. Autotrophic facultative anaerobe - ANSWER-d. Heterotrophic facultative anaerobe
Which of the following cell structures are found in BOTH prokaryotes AND
eukaryotes?
I. cell wall
II. nucleoid
III. ribosomes
IV. flagellum
V. golgi apparatus - ANSWER-I, III, and IV (cell wall, ribosomes, and flagellum)
Which of the following describe transformation, transduction, AND conjugation?
,I. occur in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
II. involves a phage
III. leads to genetic recombination
IV. increases the rate of mutation
V. leads to genetic variation in prokaryotes - ANSWER-III and V (leads to genetic
recombination and leads to genetic variation in prokaryotes)
Which of the following are TRUE regarding domains bacteria and archaea?
I. only bacteria have peptidoglycan cell walls
II. archaea are more often associated with extreme environments
III. bacteria must be aerobic, archaea can be aerobic or anaerobic
IV. bactera are more closely related to eukarya than archaea - ANSWER-I and II
(only bacteria have peptidoglycan cell walls and archaea are more often associated
with extreme environments)
Which of the following groups is mostly multicellular?
a. trypanosomes
b. parabasalids
c. red algae
d. diatoms
e. entamoebas - ANSWER-c. red algae
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic found in the hypothetical ancestor of
all protists?
a. endosymbiosis
b. chloroplasts
c. heterotrophic
d. glycolysis
e. ribosomes - ANSWER-b. chloroplasts
Which characteric(s) is/are shared by diplomonads, gram-positive bacteria, and
viruses?
I. nucleus
II. genetic material
III. plasma membrane
IV. mitosomes
V. peptidoglycan - ANSWER-II only (genetic material)
You have discovered an organism and think that it is a green alga. If you are correct,
which of the following characteristics should this organism possess?
a. kinetoplastids
b. micronucleus and macronucleus
c. photosynthetic pigments
d. hydrogenosomes
e. excavated feeding groove - ANSWER-c. photosynthetic pigments
,You are examing a few cells of a multicellular organism under the microscope and
notice that the cells possess chitin in their cell walls, functional mitochondria, and two
haploid nuclei in every cell. What group(s) could this organism belong to?
I. archaea
II. eukarya
III. excavata
IV. nucleariids
V. opisthokonta - ANSWER-II and V (eukarya and opisthokonta)
What group possesses hydrogenosomes?
a. amebozoans
b. diplomonads
c. stramenopiles
d. parabasalids
e. alveolates - ANSWER-d. parabasalids
All protists share a common ancestor that had which of the following traits?
a. mitochondria
b. plastids
c. nucleus
d. b and c
e. a and c - ANSWER-e. a and c
Which characteristics are shared by parabasalids and stramenopiles?
I. hydrogenosomes
II. hairy flagellum
III. DNA
IV. phycoerythrin
V. plasma membrane - ANSWER-III and V (DNA and plasma membrane)
In fungi, pheromones are important because they prevent:
a. hyphae from one mycelium fusing with the hyphae of a genetically identical
mycelium
b. hyphae from producing hydrolytic enzymes in dry environments
c. the release of sexual signaling molecules from fruiting bodies
d. the fusion of two nuclei during plasmogamy
e. two different mating types from fusing with each other - ANSWER-a. hyphae from
one mycelium fusing with the hyphae of a genetically identical mycelium
According to our recent understanding of eukaryotic phylogenetics, the most likely
sister group to the Kingdom fungi is the:
a. nucleariids
b. ameobozaoans
, c. opisthokonts
d. chytrids
e. animals - ANSWER-a. nucleariids
Which of the following fungal structures are used for spore dispersal?
a. mycelium
b. haustoria
c. chitin
d. hydrolases
e. aerial hyphae - ANSWER-e. aerial hyphae
Place the following steps of zygomycete sexual reproduction in the CORRECT order,
starting with mature mycelium.
I. Opposite mating types detect pheremones
II. Karyogamy
III. Plasmogamy
IV. Meiosis
V. Spores released - ANSWER-I > III > II > IV > V
Which of the following are found in members of the Kingdom fungi?
I. photosynthesis
II. hydrolases
III. internal digestion
IV. cell walls
V. single-cell organisms - ANSWER-II, IV, and V (hydrolases, cell walls, and single-
celled organisms)
Which characteristics are shared by chytrids, zygomycetes, and glomeromycetes?
I. Cell wall comprised of cellulose
II. flagaellated spores
III. heterotrophic resource acquisition
IV. photosynthesis
V. members of superfamily Unikonta - ANSWER-III and V (heterotrophic resource
acquisition and members of superfamily Unikonta)
Dr. Zhivago is studying mycorrhizae and has developed a chemical which destroys
the fungus. What do you predict will be the direct effect on the plant by using this
chemical?
a. it will not be able to undergo pollination
b. it will not have enough minerals to grow properly
c. its rate of water uptake will be increased
d. it will not have enough carbohydrates to grow normally
e. it will thicken its layer of cuticle - ANSWER-b. it will not have enough minerals to
grow properly
