Nursing 6001 Exam 1
Infection - answer disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body
Health promotion and nursing assessment - answer nurses assess health-promotion
activities
introduce screening questions
Collaboration
body's defense against infection - answer body’s normal flora
Inflammatory response
Immune response
factors affecting host susceptibility - answerintact skin and mucous membranes
normal ph levels
body's white blood cells
age, sex, race, hereditary factors
immunization, natural or acquired
fatigue, climate, nutritional and general health status
stress
use of invasive or indwelling medical device
nosocomial infections - answeruse of invasive medical devices
antibiotic-resistant organisms developed in hospitals
components of infection - answerinfectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
means of transmission
,portals of entry
susceptible host
pathogens - answerdisease-producing microorganism
bacteria - answerthe most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing
agents
cocci, bacilli, or spirochetes
gram-positive - answerhave a thick cell wall that resists decolorization and are stained
violet
gram-negative - answerhave chemically more complex cell was and can be decolorized
by alcohol thus they do not stain
virus - answeris the smallest of all microorganism, visible only with an electron
microscope
fungi - answerplant like organisms that also can cause infection, are present in the air
soil and water
parasites - answerare organisms that live on or in a host and rely on it for nourishment
virulence - answerit's ability to cause disease
an organisms potential to produce disease depends on a variety of factors -
answernumber of organism
virulence
competence of the person's immune system
length and intimacy of the contact between the person and the microorganism
Colonization - answerpresence of an organism residing in an individual's body with no
clinical signs of infection
if person's defense mechanism are ineffective in responding to the bacterial invasion
(colonization), infection will result
Reservoir - answernatural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms
ex:
-other humans
-animals
-soil
,-food, water, milk
-inanmate objects
portal of exit - answeris the point of escape for the organism from the reservoir
organism cannot extend its influence unless it moves away from its original reservoir
ex:
-gastrointestinal
-genitourinary
-breaks in skin
-blood and tissue
How do you know I have an infection - answercomplete blood count
elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, c-reactive protein level
presence of pathogens in urine, blood, sputum, or draining wounds
means of transmission - answerdirect contact- close proximity between susceptible host
and infected person or carrier
indirect
-vector: living creature that transmits an infectious agent
-fomite: equipement or countertops
droplet
airborne
portal of entry - answeris the point at which organism enter a new host or they die
susceptible host - answermicroorganisms survive only in a source that provides shelter
and nourishment and only if the microorganisms overcome any resistance mounted by
the host's defenses
susceptibility is the degree of resistance the potential host has to the pathogen
stages of infection - answerincubation period- interval between the pathogen's invasion
of the body and the appearance of symptoms of infection
prodromal stage- most infectious, early signs and symptoms but often vague and
nonspecific
full stage of illness- the presence of infection-specific signs and symptoms indicates the
full stage of illness
, convalescent period- recovery from infection
the nursing process for infection prevention and control-assessing - answerearly
detection and surveillance techniques
observing signs and symptoms
the nursing process for infection prevention and control-diagnosing - answerthe focus of
nursing care depends on a nursing diagnosis that accurately reflects the patient's
condition
the nursing process for infection prevention and control-outcome identification and
planning - answerdevelops appropriate patient outcomes after reviewing the
assessment data
nursing interventions focused on controlling or preventing infection can positively impact
patient outcomes
the nursing process for infection prevention and control-implementing - answerpractice
of asepsis includes all activities to prevent infection or break chain of infection
medical asepsis- clean technique, involves procedures and practices that reduce the
number and transfer of pathogens
surgical asepsis- sterile technique, includes practices used to render and keep objects
and areas free from microorganism
5 movements of hand hygiene - answerbefore touching a patient
before a clean or aseptic procedure
after a body fluid exposure risk
after touching a patient
after touching patient surroundings
alcohol-based handrubs - answerin most situations, more effectively reduce bacterial
and viral counts on the hands of health care personnel than antimicrobial soap
before direct contact with patients or after
after contact with body fluids if gloves are not soiled
after removing gloves
before inserting invasive devices that do not require surgical placement
before donning sterile gloves
Infection - answer disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body
Health promotion and nursing assessment - answer nurses assess health-promotion
activities
introduce screening questions
Collaboration
body's defense against infection - answer body’s normal flora
Inflammatory response
Immune response
factors affecting host susceptibility - answerintact skin and mucous membranes
normal ph levels
body's white blood cells
age, sex, race, hereditary factors
immunization, natural or acquired
fatigue, climate, nutritional and general health status
stress
use of invasive or indwelling medical device
nosocomial infections - answeruse of invasive medical devices
antibiotic-resistant organisms developed in hospitals
components of infection - answerinfectious agent
reservoir
portal of exit
means of transmission
,portals of entry
susceptible host
pathogens - answerdisease-producing microorganism
bacteria - answerthe most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing
agents
cocci, bacilli, or spirochetes
gram-positive - answerhave a thick cell wall that resists decolorization and are stained
violet
gram-negative - answerhave chemically more complex cell was and can be decolorized
by alcohol thus they do not stain
virus - answeris the smallest of all microorganism, visible only with an electron
microscope
fungi - answerplant like organisms that also can cause infection, are present in the air
soil and water
parasites - answerare organisms that live on or in a host and rely on it for nourishment
virulence - answerit's ability to cause disease
an organisms potential to produce disease depends on a variety of factors -
answernumber of organism
virulence
competence of the person's immune system
length and intimacy of the contact between the person and the microorganism
Colonization - answerpresence of an organism residing in an individual's body with no
clinical signs of infection
if person's defense mechanism are ineffective in responding to the bacterial invasion
(colonization), infection will result
Reservoir - answernatural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms
ex:
-other humans
-animals
-soil
,-food, water, milk
-inanmate objects
portal of exit - answeris the point of escape for the organism from the reservoir
organism cannot extend its influence unless it moves away from its original reservoir
ex:
-gastrointestinal
-genitourinary
-breaks in skin
-blood and tissue
How do you know I have an infection - answercomplete blood count
elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, c-reactive protein level
presence of pathogens in urine, blood, sputum, or draining wounds
means of transmission - answerdirect contact- close proximity between susceptible host
and infected person or carrier
indirect
-vector: living creature that transmits an infectious agent
-fomite: equipement or countertops
droplet
airborne
portal of entry - answeris the point at which organism enter a new host or they die
susceptible host - answermicroorganisms survive only in a source that provides shelter
and nourishment and only if the microorganisms overcome any resistance mounted by
the host's defenses
susceptibility is the degree of resistance the potential host has to the pathogen
stages of infection - answerincubation period- interval between the pathogen's invasion
of the body and the appearance of symptoms of infection
prodromal stage- most infectious, early signs and symptoms but often vague and
nonspecific
full stage of illness- the presence of infection-specific signs and symptoms indicates the
full stage of illness
, convalescent period- recovery from infection
the nursing process for infection prevention and control-assessing - answerearly
detection and surveillance techniques
observing signs and symptoms
the nursing process for infection prevention and control-diagnosing - answerthe focus of
nursing care depends on a nursing diagnosis that accurately reflects the patient's
condition
the nursing process for infection prevention and control-outcome identification and
planning - answerdevelops appropriate patient outcomes after reviewing the
assessment data
nursing interventions focused on controlling or preventing infection can positively impact
patient outcomes
the nursing process for infection prevention and control-implementing - answerpractice
of asepsis includes all activities to prevent infection or break chain of infection
medical asepsis- clean technique, involves procedures and practices that reduce the
number and transfer of pathogens
surgical asepsis- sterile technique, includes practices used to render and keep objects
and areas free from microorganism
5 movements of hand hygiene - answerbefore touching a patient
before a clean or aseptic procedure
after a body fluid exposure risk
after touching a patient
after touching patient surroundings
alcohol-based handrubs - answerin most situations, more effectively reduce bacterial
and viral counts on the hands of health care personnel than antimicrobial soap
before direct contact with patients or after
after contact with body fluids if gloves are not soiled
after removing gloves
before inserting invasive devices that do not require surgical placement
before donning sterile gloves
