APEA – Orthopedics (Pharmacology)
2025 | Complete Study Guide with
Questions & Detailed Rationales | Graded
A+
Probenecid, used in the treatment of gout, works by:
-decreasing the tubular secretion of uric acid and inhibiting the secretion of
penicillin.
-destroying uric acid crystals in the renal tubular system and slowing the
metabolism of penicillin.
-increasing the urinary excretion of uric acid and inhibiting the secretion of
penicillin.
-promoting the bactericidal activity of penicillin and breaking down uric acid. - --
-✔✔✔ANSWER----increasing the urinary excretion of uric acid and
inhibiting the secretion of penicillin.
,Before prescribing Dantrolene (Dantrium), a peripherally-acting muscle relaxant,
obtain a baseline serum:
blood urea nitrogen (BUN).
complete blood count (CBC).
calcium level.
liver function test. - ---✔✔✔ANSWER----Liver function test
Which of the following is NOT a reason to discontinue allopurinol (Zyloprim)?
Acute gout exacerbation
Dysuria
Jaundice
Skin rash - ---✔✔✔ANSWER----acute gout exacerbation
Patients should be instructed to take tizanidine (Zanaflex):
daily, not exceeding 16 mg daily.
before bedtime only.
with food only.
consistently fasting or nonfasting. - ---✔✔✔ANSWER----consistently
fasting or nonfasting.
do not switch method of administrations- will change absorption of drug
, The maximum recommended daily dose of acetaminophen (Tylenol) for the
management of pain associated with a clavicular fracture is:
1 gram.
2 grams.
3 grams.
4 grams. - ---✔✔✔ANSWER----4 grams
Patients should be instructed to avoid abrupt withdrawal of baclofen (Lioresal) to
prevent the occurrence of:
hypotonia.
urinary retention.
seizures.
hypothermia. - ---✔✔✔ANSWER----seizures
Ketorolac (Toradol), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is:
indicated for short-term treatment of moderate pain.
not known to cause renal insufficiency.
indicated for the treatment of moderate pain in children.
indicated for pain following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. - ---
✔✔✔ANSWER----indicated for short-term treatment of moderate pain.
When corticosteroids are used in combination with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs), patients may develop:
osteoarthritis.
2025 | Complete Study Guide with
Questions & Detailed Rationales | Graded
A+
Probenecid, used in the treatment of gout, works by:
-decreasing the tubular secretion of uric acid and inhibiting the secretion of
penicillin.
-destroying uric acid crystals in the renal tubular system and slowing the
metabolism of penicillin.
-increasing the urinary excretion of uric acid and inhibiting the secretion of
penicillin.
-promoting the bactericidal activity of penicillin and breaking down uric acid. - --
-✔✔✔ANSWER----increasing the urinary excretion of uric acid and
inhibiting the secretion of penicillin.
,Before prescribing Dantrolene (Dantrium), a peripherally-acting muscle relaxant,
obtain a baseline serum:
blood urea nitrogen (BUN).
complete blood count (CBC).
calcium level.
liver function test. - ---✔✔✔ANSWER----Liver function test
Which of the following is NOT a reason to discontinue allopurinol (Zyloprim)?
Acute gout exacerbation
Dysuria
Jaundice
Skin rash - ---✔✔✔ANSWER----acute gout exacerbation
Patients should be instructed to take tizanidine (Zanaflex):
daily, not exceeding 16 mg daily.
before bedtime only.
with food only.
consistently fasting or nonfasting. - ---✔✔✔ANSWER----consistently
fasting or nonfasting.
do not switch method of administrations- will change absorption of drug
, The maximum recommended daily dose of acetaminophen (Tylenol) for the
management of pain associated with a clavicular fracture is:
1 gram.
2 grams.
3 grams.
4 grams. - ---✔✔✔ANSWER----4 grams
Patients should be instructed to avoid abrupt withdrawal of baclofen (Lioresal) to
prevent the occurrence of:
hypotonia.
urinary retention.
seizures.
hypothermia. - ---✔✔✔ANSWER----seizures
Ketorolac (Toradol), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is:
indicated for short-term treatment of moderate pain.
not known to cause renal insufficiency.
indicated for the treatment of moderate pain in children.
indicated for pain following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. - ---
✔✔✔ANSWER----indicated for short-term treatment of moderate pain.
When corticosteroids are used in combination with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs), patients may develop:
osteoarthritis.
