BISC 1005 Midterm QUESTIONS FULLY SOLVED 2026/27

microbiome - CORRECT ANSWER all the organisms that live in symbiotic relationships with humans; changes constantly; every aspect of your life impacts the diversity; affects digestion, immune system, development, and stress/psychological issues LUCA - CORRECT ANSWER last universal common ancestor abiotic factor - CORRECT ANSWER nonliving factors; temperature, pH (acidity), soil composition, water, sunlight, air, geography biotic factor - CORRECT ANSWER living factors; organisms (producers, consumers, decomposers, microscopic organisms, etc.) prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER small cell size; no nucleus; no membrane-bound organelles; asexual reproduction; unicellular; simplistic structure and function; bacteria live everywhere and archaea live mainly in extreme environments eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER larger cell size; nucleus; membrane-bound organelles; sexual reproduction; mostly multicellular; complex internal structures and functions; more limited environments endosymbiotic theory - CORRECT ANSWER a large eukaryotic cell engulfed (ate) a smaller prokaryote organization of life - CORRECT ANSWER cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism water - CORRECT ANSWER polarity of water allows for both adhesion (one substance attracted to another substance) and cohesion (the same molecules attracted to each other) competition - CORRECT ANSWER -/- interaction; both species are harmed exploitation - CORRECT ANSWER +/- interaction; one species benefits while the other is harmed commensalism - CORRECT ANSWER +/0 interaction; where one species benefits at no cost to the other mutualism - CORRECT ANSWER +/+ interaction; where both species benefit increasing the survival and reproduction of both the interacting species Calorie v. calorie - CORRECT ANSWER big C means 1000Xs (this is the energy level you operate at) ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWER a defined space plus the nonliving (abiotic) and living (biotic) factors in that space levels of organization in an ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWER individual → population → community → biome → biosphere autotrophs - CORRECT ANSWER organisms that make their own food heterotrophs - CORRECT ANSWER organisms that depend on other organisms for their food producer - CORRECT ANSWER make their own food (aka autotrophs); photo - use the sun to make food; chemo - use chemical energy to make food consumer - CORRECT ANSWER have to ingest food (aka heterotrophs); photo - use the sun to break down food into usable pieces; chemo - use chemical energy to break down food into useable pieces