LARE EXAM 1 CTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Outline the business relationships between the three principal parties that are involved in a
landscape construction project (Their obligations) - Correct answers✔✔1. Owner/ client - initiate
the project ; signs separate contracts for completion, & responsible for funding design &
construction
2. Contractor - hired by owner to combine necessary ingredients of materials , labor, equipment,
and management to accomplish job
3. Landscape architect - deals w/ both. only contractual relationship is w/ owner - finical
feasibility, preliminary designs, preparation of documents, onsite observation
What is professionalism? What Relationship does it have with ethics? - Correct
answers✔✔Professionalism is someone who is ethical, has advance training, a high level of
competence, mental services rather than manual labor, qualifications & licensure, & same quality
of service to all regardless of fees.
Professional ethics - defined rules that govern business conduct and values used to achieve goals
Describe the difference between direct cost and overhead cost in a contractor's cost accounting
system - Correct answers✔✔Direct cost - materials, labour, equipment
Overhead coast - expenses not directly charged to field operations
Name 4 sources for appropriation of funds to finance public works projects. - Correct
answers✔✔1. annual tax receipts - Tax revenues received by government from all sources
,2. General Obligation bonds - is a type of municipal bond that is backed entirely by the issuers
creditworthiness and ability to levy taxes on its residents
3.Revenue Bonds - municipal bond supported by the revenue from a specific project, such as a
toll bridge, highway or local stadium.
4. Special Appropriation Tax - place on the public for a limited time and a specific project (i.e.
1% sales tax increase for 2 yrs. to build zoo )
5.User Fees - money collected from users of a particular facility.
6. Grants, matching funds, gifts or a bestowal
List the 4 sources of law in the US and Outline how each functions - Correct answers✔✔1.
Federal & State Constitutions - establishes fundamental rights, sets up a legislator for making
laws
2. Court Decisions - interpret constitution, legislative law, and the principles of common law
3.Federal, State, & local statues-
4. Executive Order - issued by president
Addendum - Correct answers✔✔A written document issuing changes to the plans and/or
specifications after they are put out for bid but before the contract is signed. Addendum
acknowledgment must be indicated on the bid form
,Administrative Agency - Correct answers✔✔A regulatory agency established by statute. A
department of government formed to administer a particular area. An example of a federal
administrative agency would be the environmental protection agency who endeavors to control
pollution by research, monitoring, standard setting and enforcement activities. Similar agencies
also exist at the stat level
Agent of the owner - Correct answers✔✔A person authorized by the owner to act as the owner's
representative to bring about performance of contractual obligations.
Arbitration - Correct answers✔✔A procedure whereby contracting parties may submit a dispute
to an impartial board for a decision. An alternative to a suit in a court of law. this method makes
it possible to avoid many of the legal formalities, delays, and expenses which result from
litigation
Article - Correct answers✔✔major subject with a part of a specification section consisting of one
or more related paragraphs and subparagraphs.
Bid - Correct answers✔✔An offer to perform a contract. Generally includes both labor and
supplying materials for a specified price. may be referred to as a proposal
Bid documents - Correct answers✔✔the advertisement, instructions to the bidder and dib form
bid form - Correct answers✔✔the contractor fills out this form to submit the bid. a written
instrument so that all bids will be prepared in a similar manner. A uniform format allows accurate
comparison of bids. in the past, proposal or bid proposal has been used extensively.
capital - Correct answers✔✔Designate goods and assets used by private works for the productive
of profits. It's the owner's equity in a business or the total assets of a business.
, change order - Correct answers✔✔A written document issuing changes to the plans and /or
specifications after the construction contract is awarded. It is prepared by a landscape architect
and signed by the owner and contractor.
civil law - Correct answers✔✔Governs citizens, in their relations with each other. The injured
party must bring suit against another party for damages. In civil action the injured party, called
the plaintiff, brings suit to recover compensation for the violation of duty cause by the wrongful
conduct of the other, referred to as the defendant. The principle form of relief is money.
client - Correct answers✔✔Initiates the project, signs separate contracts with the landscape
architect and contractor for its completion. Responsible for funding both the design and the
construction operations. The owner may be an individual or an organization in the private or
public sector.
common law - Correct answers✔✔Law derived from traditional usage and customs as
representing what is right and wrong in human relationships. Its principles have been established
by gradual adoption and verified by decisions in the courts of justice, without legislative action.
Common law is recognized by all courts, but differs in many details from state to state.
competitive bid contract - Correct answers✔✔A type of contract that is straight-forward and
business like whereby the owner takes his chances in an open market situation; paying a fixed
price for a definite service.
Abnormally Dangerous Activity Rule - Correct answers✔✔Certain activities present an
unusually high risk of danger in a particular locale eg, use of explosives in a highly populated
area. In such case, the party engaging in the activity may e strictly liable for damages cause by
the activites. In other words, that person is liable even if the injured party cannot prove intent to
harm or negligence
Abstract - Correct answers✔✔A document summarizing the chronological and legal history of a
parcel of land used to evaluate the validity of a title or type of deed to be issued.
CORRECT ANSWERS
Outline the business relationships between the three principal parties that are involved in a
landscape construction project (Their obligations) - Correct answers✔✔1. Owner/ client - initiate
the project ; signs separate contracts for completion, & responsible for funding design &
construction
2. Contractor - hired by owner to combine necessary ingredients of materials , labor, equipment,
and management to accomplish job
3. Landscape architect - deals w/ both. only contractual relationship is w/ owner - finical
feasibility, preliminary designs, preparation of documents, onsite observation
What is professionalism? What Relationship does it have with ethics? - Correct
answers✔✔Professionalism is someone who is ethical, has advance training, a high level of
competence, mental services rather than manual labor, qualifications & licensure, & same quality
of service to all regardless of fees.
Professional ethics - defined rules that govern business conduct and values used to achieve goals
Describe the difference between direct cost and overhead cost in a contractor's cost accounting
system - Correct answers✔✔Direct cost - materials, labour, equipment
Overhead coast - expenses not directly charged to field operations
Name 4 sources for appropriation of funds to finance public works projects. - Correct
answers✔✔1. annual tax receipts - Tax revenues received by government from all sources
,2. General Obligation bonds - is a type of municipal bond that is backed entirely by the issuers
creditworthiness and ability to levy taxes on its residents
3.Revenue Bonds - municipal bond supported by the revenue from a specific project, such as a
toll bridge, highway or local stadium.
4. Special Appropriation Tax - place on the public for a limited time and a specific project (i.e.
1% sales tax increase for 2 yrs. to build zoo )
5.User Fees - money collected from users of a particular facility.
6. Grants, matching funds, gifts or a bestowal
List the 4 sources of law in the US and Outline how each functions - Correct answers✔✔1.
Federal & State Constitutions - establishes fundamental rights, sets up a legislator for making
laws
2. Court Decisions - interpret constitution, legislative law, and the principles of common law
3.Federal, State, & local statues-
4. Executive Order - issued by president
Addendum - Correct answers✔✔A written document issuing changes to the plans and/or
specifications after they are put out for bid but before the contract is signed. Addendum
acknowledgment must be indicated on the bid form
,Administrative Agency - Correct answers✔✔A regulatory agency established by statute. A
department of government formed to administer a particular area. An example of a federal
administrative agency would be the environmental protection agency who endeavors to control
pollution by research, monitoring, standard setting and enforcement activities. Similar agencies
also exist at the stat level
Agent of the owner - Correct answers✔✔A person authorized by the owner to act as the owner's
representative to bring about performance of contractual obligations.
Arbitration - Correct answers✔✔A procedure whereby contracting parties may submit a dispute
to an impartial board for a decision. An alternative to a suit in a court of law. this method makes
it possible to avoid many of the legal formalities, delays, and expenses which result from
litigation
Article - Correct answers✔✔major subject with a part of a specification section consisting of one
or more related paragraphs and subparagraphs.
Bid - Correct answers✔✔An offer to perform a contract. Generally includes both labor and
supplying materials for a specified price. may be referred to as a proposal
Bid documents - Correct answers✔✔the advertisement, instructions to the bidder and dib form
bid form - Correct answers✔✔the contractor fills out this form to submit the bid. a written
instrument so that all bids will be prepared in a similar manner. A uniform format allows accurate
comparison of bids. in the past, proposal or bid proposal has been used extensively.
capital - Correct answers✔✔Designate goods and assets used by private works for the productive
of profits. It's the owner's equity in a business or the total assets of a business.
, change order - Correct answers✔✔A written document issuing changes to the plans and /or
specifications after the construction contract is awarded. It is prepared by a landscape architect
and signed by the owner and contractor.
civil law - Correct answers✔✔Governs citizens, in their relations with each other. The injured
party must bring suit against another party for damages. In civil action the injured party, called
the plaintiff, brings suit to recover compensation for the violation of duty cause by the wrongful
conduct of the other, referred to as the defendant. The principle form of relief is money.
client - Correct answers✔✔Initiates the project, signs separate contracts with the landscape
architect and contractor for its completion. Responsible for funding both the design and the
construction operations. The owner may be an individual or an organization in the private or
public sector.
common law - Correct answers✔✔Law derived from traditional usage and customs as
representing what is right and wrong in human relationships. Its principles have been established
by gradual adoption and verified by decisions in the courts of justice, without legislative action.
Common law is recognized by all courts, but differs in many details from state to state.
competitive bid contract - Correct answers✔✔A type of contract that is straight-forward and
business like whereby the owner takes his chances in an open market situation; paying a fixed
price for a definite service.
Abnormally Dangerous Activity Rule - Correct answers✔✔Certain activities present an
unusually high risk of danger in a particular locale eg, use of explosives in a highly populated
area. In such case, the party engaging in the activity may e strictly liable for damages cause by
the activites. In other words, that person is liable even if the injured party cannot prove intent to
harm or negligence
Abstract - Correct answers✔✔A document summarizing the chronological and legal history of a
parcel of land used to evaluate the validity of a title or type of deed to be issued.
