NR574-FINAL EXAM CONTENT WEEK 5: TRAUMATIC HEAD INJURIES QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

NR574-FINAL EXAM CONTENT WEEK 5: TRAUMATIC HEAD INJURIES QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) 1. Types of skull fractures (list 4) Correct Answer linear, basilar, depressed, and penetrating. 2. Linear skull fracture Correct Answer A single fracture that traverses the skull 3. basilar skull fracture Correct Answer A fracture that involves at least one of the bones of the base of the skull 4. depressed skull fracture Correct Answer A comminuted fracture where broken bones are displaced inward (usually associated with blunt force trauma) 5. Penetrating skull fracture Correct Answer An "open" fracture resulting in a breach of the dura. Depending upon the object and mechanism of injury, foreign bodies may extend to varying depths within the brain. 6. subjective findings of a skull fx Correct Answer Subjective complaints in clients with skull fractures may include: -pain and/or bleeding/hematoma at the site of injury, as well as drowsiness, blurred vision, diplopia, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and headache. 7. physical exam findings of skull fx Correct Answer altered level of consciousness large scalp laceration penetrating object projecting from the skull neurologic deficits (aphasia, motor weakness, paralysis, etc.) palpable skull bone step-off 8. TRUE OR FALSE: Scalp wounds should be probed Correct Answer Clinical Tip: Scalp wounds should NEVER be probed due to the underlying risk of penetrating the brain. 9. specific clinical findings of a basilar skull fracture Correct Answer Hemotympanum is the presence of blood behind the tympanic membrane. -Battle's sign is a term used to describe mastoid ecchymosis. -Raccoon eyes is a term used to describe periorbital ecchymosis. -Otorrhea or rhinorrhea is due to a CSF leak from the nose or ear. 10. Glascow Coma Scale (GCS) Correct Answer Neurologic assessment of a patient's best verbal response, eye opening, and motor function. 11. Calculate the GCS for Aasan. Aasan, an elderly client, was brought to the emergency department by EMS following a fall. There is a large laceration on his occiput with profuse bleeding. He opens his eyes when you speak to him, but his responses are incomprehensible. He responds to localized painful stimuli. Aasan's GCS is 10 Correct Answer Rationale: Aasan's GCS score is 10. He opens his eyes to voice (3), incomprehensible speech (2), responds to localized pain (5). 12. Roy has a suspected head injury. Which of the following clinical findings increases suspicion for a basilar skull fracture? a. Periorbital ecchymosis (Correct answer) b. A large, gaping forehead laceration with profuse bleeding c. Palpable bony step-off on the top of the skull d. Motor and sensory loss distal to the shoulders Correct Answer a. Periorbital ecchymosis Rationale: Periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon's eyes), battle's sign, hemotympanum, and rhinorrhea/otorrhea are clinical signs of a basilar skull fracture. Motor and sensory loss distal to the shoulders is more consistent with a cervical spine injury. A basilar skull fracture occurs at the base of the skull, therefore a palpable step-off at the top of the head or a large forehead laceration should not increase suspicion for the presence of a basilar skull fracture. 13. GCS Eye Response Grading Correct Answer Eye Opening (4) 1 - No eye opening. 2 - Eye opening to pain. 3 - Eye opening to verbal command. 4 - Eyes open spontaneously. 14. GCS verbal response grading Correct Answer Verbal response (5) 1 - No verbal response 2 - Incomprehensible sounds. 3 - Inappropriate words. 4 - Confused