RNC-NIC PRACTICE EXAM WITH A COMBINED
STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS NEWLY MODIFIED CURRENTLY
TESTED AND GRADED A+ 2026 NEW UPDATE
What is the purpose of amniotic fluid and how is it produced? When? --CORRECT
ANSWER--To cushion fetus and allow normal development of lungs
Produced mainly by fetus' excretion of urine and fluids excreted by respiratory tract &
oral/nasal cavity
Around 20 week's
What is oligohydramnios? What conditions are associated with it? --CORRECT ANSWER--
Decreased AF
UT anomalies like obstructive uropathy, renal agenesis, polycystic kidneys
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Pressure deformities
Compression of umbilical cord & hypoxia
Mecon staining (remember hypoxia causes release of mecon in utero)
Post-term gestation
Leaking AF, prolonged or premature ROM
What is polyhydramnios & what is it associated with? --CORRECT ANSWER--Increased
AF
TEF, EA, duodenal atresia
Page 1 of 197
,Anencephaly
CNS abnormalities that impair swallow
Twin-twin transfusion
Macrosomia
Fetal/neonatal hydrops & assoc CV rhythms
Trisomy 21, 18, 13
Skeletal malformations
Inc risk for prolapsed cord/placental abruption
What is the biochemical marker useful in predicting preterm birth? --CORRECT ANSWER--
Fibronectins
What is the best indicator of fetal oxygenation status during labor as seen on electric fetal
monitoring? --CORRECT ANSWER--Variability
What are the five parts of the biophysical profile? --CORRECT ANSWER--Fetal tone,
breathing, movement; no stress test, amniotic fluid volume
When should one have a glucose screening during pregnancy if they're at low risk for
developing GD? --CORRECT ANSWER--24-28 weeks
When women give birth sitting upright, what shows lower values in cord blood? --
CORRECT ANSWER--PCO2
Page 2 of 197
,An intrauterine pressure catheter, placed for monitoring of uterine pressure, amino infusion,
and fluid sampling, is useful in the treatment of what? --CORRECT ANSWER--Variable
decelerations by correcting cord compression
What is the normal blood volume for a neonate? --CORRECT ANSWER--85-100 mL/kg
What are some risks for fetal maternal hemorrhage? --CORRECT ANSWER--Maternal
trauma
Placental abruption
Placental tumors
Third semester amnios
Fetal hydrops
Twins
What test is used to determine if FMH has taken place? --CORRECT ANSWER--Kleihauer-
Betke test examines maternal blood for fetal hemoglobin; determines the amount of
hemorrhage that has taken place
What increases the chances of having multiple births? --CORRECT ANSWER--Delayed
childbearing
What are risks of multiple gestations? --CORRECT ANSWER--Premature birth
LBW
Morbidities such as CP
Page 3 of 197
, What risks are present in infants born to mothers who receive no or little prenatal care? --
CORRECT ANSWER--LBW
premature birth
Maternal iron-deficiency anemia
Increased neonatal mortality
Describe the fetal response to mothers with diabetes --CORRECT ANSWER--Because
glucose crosses the placenta, the baby's BG increases as the mom's does. Insulin does not
cross the placenta and the fetal pancreas does not produce it until 20 weeks. So, before insulin
production, the increased BG leads to restricted growth. Once the insulin is produced, it
produces rapidly to respond to the high BG, and these high levels trigger rapid fetal growth—
> hepatosplenomegaly, cardiomegaly, increased head size
What is commonly seen in IDM immediately after birth? Why? --CORRECT ANSWER--
Hypoglycemia
The sudden withdrawal from maternal glucose + continued production of insulin
What conditions does an IDM present with? --CORRECT ANSWER--Birth trauma r/t
cephalopelvic disproportion
Hypoglycemia
RDS because inc insulin inhibits surfactant production
Polycythemia & hyperviscosity bc inc insulin & BG inc metabolic rate and oxygen
consumption
Iron deficiency bc polycythemia leaches iron
Hyperbilirubinemia from inc rbc destruction
CV & congenital malformations
Electrolyte disturbances (low Ca and Mg)
Page 4 of 197
STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS NEWLY MODIFIED CURRENTLY
TESTED AND GRADED A+ 2026 NEW UPDATE
What is the purpose of amniotic fluid and how is it produced? When? --CORRECT
ANSWER--To cushion fetus and allow normal development of lungs
Produced mainly by fetus' excretion of urine and fluids excreted by respiratory tract &
oral/nasal cavity
Around 20 week's
What is oligohydramnios? What conditions are associated with it? --CORRECT ANSWER--
Decreased AF
UT anomalies like obstructive uropathy, renal agenesis, polycystic kidneys
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Pressure deformities
Compression of umbilical cord & hypoxia
Mecon staining (remember hypoxia causes release of mecon in utero)
Post-term gestation
Leaking AF, prolonged or premature ROM
What is polyhydramnios & what is it associated with? --CORRECT ANSWER--Increased
AF
TEF, EA, duodenal atresia
Page 1 of 197
,Anencephaly
CNS abnormalities that impair swallow
Twin-twin transfusion
Macrosomia
Fetal/neonatal hydrops & assoc CV rhythms
Trisomy 21, 18, 13
Skeletal malformations
Inc risk for prolapsed cord/placental abruption
What is the biochemical marker useful in predicting preterm birth? --CORRECT ANSWER--
Fibronectins
What is the best indicator of fetal oxygenation status during labor as seen on electric fetal
monitoring? --CORRECT ANSWER--Variability
What are the five parts of the biophysical profile? --CORRECT ANSWER--Fetal tone,
breathing, movement; no stress test, amniotic fluid volume
When should one have a glucose screening during pregnancy if they're at low risk for
developing GD? --CORRECT ANSWER--24-28 weeks
When women give birth sitting upright, what shows lower values in cord blood? --
CORRECT ANSWER--PCO2
Page 2 of 197
,An intrauterine pressure catheter, placed for monitoring of uterine pressure, amino infusion,
and fluid sampling, is useful in the treatment of what? --CORRECT ANSWER--Variable
decelerations by correcting cord compression
What is the normal blood volume for a neonate? --CORRECT ANSWER--85-100 mL/kg
What are some risks for fetal maternal hemorrhage? --CORRECT ANSWER--Maternal
trauma
Placental abruption
Placental tumors
Third semester amnios
Fetal hydrops
Twins
What test is used to determine if FMH has taken place? --CORRECT ANSWER--Kleihauer-
Betke test examines maternal blood for fetal hemoglobin; determines the amount of
hemorrhage that has taken place
What increases the chances of having multiple births? --CORRECT ANSWER--Delayed
childbearing
What are risks of multiple gestations? --CORRECT ANSWER--Premature birth
LBW
Morbidities such as CP
Page 3 of 197
, What risks are present in infants born to mothers who receive no or little prenatal care? --
CORRECT ANSWER--LBW
premature birth
Maternal iron-deficiency anemia
Increased neonatal mortality
Describe the fetal response to mothers with diabetes --CORRECT ANSWER--Because
glucose crosses the placenta, the baby's BG increases as the mom's does. Insulin does not
cross the placenta and the fetal pancreas does not produce it until 20 weeks. So, before insulin
production, the increased BG leads to restricted growth. Once the insulin is produced, it
produces rapidly to respond to the high BG, and these high levels trigger rapid fetal growth—
> hepatosplenomegaly, cardiomegaly, increased head size
What is commonly seen in IDM immediately after birth? Why? --CORRECT ANSWER--
Hypoglycemia
The sudden withdrawal from maternal glucose + continued production of insulin
What conditions does an IDM present with? --CORRECT ANSWER--Birth trauma r/t
cephalopelvic disproportion
Hypoglycemia
RDS because inc insulin inhibits surfactant production
Polycythemia & hyperviscosity bc inc insulin & BG inc metabolic rate and oxygen
consumption
Iron deficiency bc polycythemia leaches iron
Hyperbilirubinemia from inc rbc destruction
CV & congenital malformations
Electrolyte disturbances (low Ca and Mg)
Page 4 of 197
