MMSC 438 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Study of fungi - answer -mycology
Aerobic, neutral ph, grow best at 25-30c (room temp), and eukaryotic - answer -fungi
Concerning naming of fungi, what level is "mycetes"? - answer -class
Fungal infections are called __________, and ________ are transmitted person-to-
person - answer -mycoses, few (we see more fungal infections in immunocompromised
patients)
A fungal infection due to a mold allergy describes what kind of disease? - answer -
hypersensitivity
Is infection from viruses mild or severe? - answer -mild to life threatening
Alkaloids, psychotrophic chemicals, aflatoxin, and other toxic chemicals cause what
infections? - answer -mycotoxicosis
What was the causative organism for the case of patients yellow and brittle big toenail
where a sample was examined under the microscope w koh prep revealed numerous
microconidia on separate hyphae? - answer -trichophyton rubrum (condition itself was
called dermatophytosis onychromycosis)
Chitin, b-glucans, and mannoproteins (mannan) make up what? - answer -fungal cell
wall
Fungal cell wall determines shape, aids in attachment to host cells, and induces
______________ - answer -inflammatory response
Cell membrane/phospholipid bilayer for fungi contains what? - answer -ergosterol
The basic structual unit of fungi - answer -hyphae
Transverse walls = _______ hyphae - answer -septate (sparsely septate when no or
few transverse walls)
When hyphae are dark/pigmented, they are called... - answer -phaecoid
(dermatiacious)
When hyphae are clear/colorless, they are called... - answer -hylaline
Branching mass of hyphae is called - answer -mycelium
,Hyphae with root-like structures - answer -rhizoids
Fungi: yeasts are ______cellular, molds are ______cellular, and dimorphic fungi are
both yeasts and molds - answer -uni, multi
Smooth, creamy, bacteria-like colonies with no arial hyphae. Id w biochemical testing -
answer -yeasts (single cell)
Fuzzy/wooly-appearing colonies with many hyphae, contain arial hyphae (easily
airborne, causes allergic rxns). Id using macroscopic (colony) and microscopic
appearance - answer -mold (multicellular)
Dimorphic fungi are referred to as ___________ because they can cause disease in
anyone (non-immunocompromised) and infection can be fatal - answer -true pathogens
Dimorphic fungi can exist either as a mold in ___________ and yeast in ____________
- answer -cold environment, warm host
Asexual budding yeast - answer -blastoconidia (candida in a chains)
Asexual fungal reproduction from hyphae; rectangular - answer -arthroconidia
Asexual fungal reproduction in which thick-walled conidia are formed within vegetative
hyphae - answer -chlamydoconidia
In fungal asexual reproduction, ___________ are vase-like structures that produce
conidia - answer -plialides
In fungal asexual reproduction, ___________ are structures producing and extruding
conidia, leaving a ring-like collar - answer -annelides
Conidium= swelling, _______ = stalk - answer -phore
In the case of fungal organisms that have capsules like cryptococcus, rhodotorula,
sporobolomyces, and trich beigelii, use what stain? - answer -india ink
What stain is used in mycology for tissue sections in which organisms appear black
against a blue-green background? - answer -gomori methenamine silver
What stain is used in mycology for tissue sections in which organisms appear magenta
against a light pink, green, or blue background? - answer -pas (periodic acid shift, for
direct exam)
H&e, a direct exam stain in mycology, stands for what? - answer -hematoxylin and
eosin
, Stain specific for direct exam of fungi due to fluorochrome dye that concentrates in
fungal cell walls; organisms will fluoresce blue-white or green using uv microscope -
answer -calcofluor white
When is finding fungus clinically significant? - answer -"sterile" body fluid specimen,
immunocompromised, large quantities, or if same fungus is repeatedly found in same
source
Fungal media: use brain-heart infusion for recovery of... - answer -systemic fungi
Fungal media: use mycosel agar and inhibitory mold agar when there is growth of
_____________ and other pathogens - answer -dermatophytes
Systemic fungi may take up to________weeks incubation time (opposed to 2-4 weeks
like other fungi - answer -12
Yeasts grow _________ than molds - answer -faster
Identification of fungal isolates: growth conditions; they're totally aerobic, temp is
______________________- require humidity, need long incubation time of 2-4 weeks -
answer -22-30 c (sometimes 35-37c)
Dermatophytes have what pigments that differ from surface pigment? - answer -recerse
Eukaryotic, unicellular, oval, elongate, or irregular in shape - answer -yeasts
Yeasts reproduce asexually by budding via mitosis, results in production of... - answer -
blastoconidia (daughter cells)
Elongation of yeast daughter cell= - answer -pseudohyphae
Mycoses, infections caused by fungi, are _______commonly seen than viral and
bacterial infections. Like infections due to other agents, mycoses can range from minor
to severe and life threatening - answer -less
A cell-mediated immune response is ______ effective at combating mycoses than a
humoral-mediated immune response - answer -more
Because there is a lot of antigenic cross reactivity among fungi and it is difficult to get
high quality antigen, _______ is not often used to diagnosis mycoses - answer -
serology
Yeasts, like some bacterial species, can be part of the normal microbiota of humans
and other animals. They can be found in the ________________, gastrointestinal tract,
and vaginal mucosa, generally in low quantities. - answer -oral cavity
Study of fungi - answer -mycology
Aerobic, neutral ph, grow best at 25-30c (room temp), and eukaryotic - answer -fungi
Concerning naming of fungi, what level is "mycetes"? - answer -class
Fungal infections are called __________, and ________ are transmitted person-to-
person - answer -mycoses, few (we see more fungal infections in immunocompromised
patients)
A fungal infection due to a mold allergy describes what kind of disease? - answer -
hypersensitivity
Is infection from viruses mild or severe? - answer -mild to life threatening
Alkaloids, psychotrophic chemicals, aflatoxin, and other toxic chemicals cause what
infections? - answer -mycotoxicosis
What was the causative organism for the case of patients yellow and brittle big toenail
where a sample was examined under the microscope w koh prep revealed numerous
microconidia on separate hyphae? - answer -trichophyton rubrum (condition itself was
called dermatophytosis onychromycosis)
Chitin, b-glucans, and mannoproteins (mannan) make up what? - answer -fungal cell
wall
Fungal cell wall determines shape, aids in attachment to host cells, and induces
______________ - answer -inflammatory response
Cell membrane/phospholipid bilayer for fungi contains what? - answer -ergosterol
The basic structual unit of fungi - answer -hyphae
Transverse walls = _______ hyphae - answer -septate (sparsely septate when no or
few transverse walls)
When hyphae are dark/pigmented, they are called... - answer -phaecoid
(dermatiacious)
When hyphae are clear/colorless, they are called... - answer -hylaline
Branching mass of hyphae is called - answer -mycelium
,Hyphae with root-like structures - answer -rhizoids
Fungi: yeasts are ______cellular, molds are ______cellular, and dimorphic fungi are
both yeasts and molds - answer -uni, multi
Smooth, creamy, bacteria-like colonies with no arial hyphae. Id w biochemical testing -
answer -yeasts (single cell)
Fuzzy/wooly-appearing colonies with many hyphae, contain arial hyphae (easily
airborne, causes allergic rxns). Id using macroscopic (colony) and microscopic
appearance - answer -mold (multicellular)
Dimorphic fungi are referred to as ___________ because they can cause disease in
anyone (non-immunocompromised) and infection can be fatal - answer -true pathogens
Dimorphic fungi can exist either as a mold in ___________ and yeast in ____________
- answer -cold environment, warm host
Asexual budding yeast - answer -blastoconidia (candida in a chains)
Asexual fungal reproduction from hyphae; rectangular - answer -arthroconidia
Asexual fungal reproduction in which thick-walled conidia are formed within vegetative
hyphae - answer -chlamydoconidia
In fungal asexual reproduction, ___________ are vase-like structures that produce
conidia - answer -plialides
In fungal asexual reproduction, ___________ are structures producing and extruding
conidia, leaving a ring-like collar - answer -annelides
Conidium= swelling, _______ = stalk - answer -phore
In the case of fungal organisms that have capsules like cryptococcus, rhodotorula,
sporobolomyces, and trich beigelii, use what stain? - answer -india ink
What stain is used in mycology for tissue sections in which organisms appear black
against a blue-green background? - answer -gomori methenamine silver
What stain is used in mycology for tissue sections in which organisms appear magenta
against a light pink, green, or blue background? - answer -pas (periodic acid shift, for
direct exam)
H&e, a direct exam stain in mycology, stands for what? - answer -hematoxylin and
eosin
, Stain specific for direct exam of fungi due to fluorochrome dye that concentrates in
fungal cell walls; organisms will fluoresce blue-white or green using uv microscope -
answer -calcofluor white
When is finding fungus clinically significant? - answer -"sterile" body fluid specimen,
immunocompromised, large quantities, or if same fungus is repeatedly found in same
source
Fungal media: use brain-heart infusion for recovery of... - answer -systemic fungi
Fungal media: use mycosel agar and inhibitory mold agar when there is growth of
_____________ and other pathogens - answer -dermatophytes
Systemic fungi may take up to________weeks incubation time (opposed to 2-4 weeks
like other fungi - answer -12
Yeasts grow _________ than molds - answer -faster
Identification of fungal isolates: growth conditions; they're totally aerobic, temp is
______________________- require humidity, need long incubation time of 2-4 weeks -
answer -22-30 c (sometimes 35-37c)
Dermatophytes have what pigments that differ from surface pigment? - answer -recerse
Eukaryotic, unicellular, oval, elongate, or irregular in shape - answer -yeasts
Yeasts reproduce asexually by budding via mitosis, results in production of... - answer -
blastoconidia (daughter cells)
Elongation of yeast daughter cell= - answer -pseudohyphae
Mycoses, infections caused by fungi, are _______commonly seen than viral and
bacterial infections. Like infections due to other agents, mycoses can range from minor
to severe and life threatening - answer -less
A cell-mediated immune response is ______ effective at combating mycoses than a
humoral-mediated immune response - answer -more
Because there is a lot of antigenic cross reactivity among fungi and it is difficult to get
high quality antigen, _______ is not often used to diagnosis mycoses - answer -
serology
Yeasts, like some bacterial species, can be part of the normal microbiota of humans
and other animals. They can be found in the ________________, gastrointestinal tract,
and vaginal mucosa, generally in low quantities. - answer -oral cavity
