MMSC 438/638 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
List the lower respiratory tract (LRT) normal biota. - Answer -NO actual normal biota
present BUT sputum is a common sample that is used and has to pass through the
mouth where it will become contaminated with normal biota
When is growth considered a pathogen when examining a LRT culture? - Answer -if the
growth (org) is in greater concentration that the normal biota
List the LRT mandatory reporting. - Answer -Streptococcus pyogenes
Legionella
Mycobacteria
Agents of bioterrorism
LRT Specimens: Expectorated Sputum - Answer --noninvasive collection
-a very common specimen that becomes contaminated with normal biota of the mouth
-first morning sputum is most concentrated
LRT Specimens: Induced Sputum - Answer -invasive collection
-health care worker sprays a substance down patients throat to force a cough
LRT Specimens: Bronchoscopy - Answer -endoscope tube is inserted in the LRT and
aspirates the sample out
-more invasive but less contaminated than sputum
LRT Specimens: Tracheal Aspirate - Answer -soft catheter is passed into the
tracheobronchial tree to collect sputum from the LRT
-used for children and people who can not cough up sputum on demand
LRT Specimens: Transtracheal Needle Aspiration - Answer -very invasive but provides
almost no contamination
-suitable for anaerobic culture
LRT Specimens: Open Lung Biopsy (OLB) - Answer -highly invasive surgical procedure
to collect abscess material from the lungs
-minimal contamination
LRT Specimens: Thoracentesis - Answer -needle aspiration of pleural fluid from the
LRT
-usually done to diagnosis empyema
-invasive w/ minimal contamination
, Lung infections (LRT) by bacterial pathogens occur via.. - Answer -direct inoculation of
organisms through aspiration from the upper respiratory tract
LRT Infection: Bronchitis Causative Agents - Answer -most common infection usually
caused by respiratory viruses such as:
-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
-influenza
less common causes:
-mycoplasma pneumoniae
-chlamydophilia pneumoniae
-bordetella pertusis
LRT Infection: Community-acquired Pneumonia Causative Agents in Children - Answer
-most common causes:
-RSV, Influenza, Parainfluenza, Adenovirus
-Mycoplasma pneumoniae
less common casues:
- S. pneumoniae
-S. aureus
-H. influenzae
-Group B strept (neonates)
LRT Infection: Community-acquired Pneumonia Causative Agents in Adults - Answer -
most common causes: S. pneumoniae
less common causes:
-M. pneumoniae
-H. influenzae
-Chlamydophila pneumoniae
-Legionella pneumophilia
-Respiratory viruses
LRT Infection: Hosptial-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Causative
Agents - Answer -gram negative bacilli
staphylococcus aureus
streptococcus pneumoniae
haemophilus influenzae
legionella pneumophilia
LRT Infection: Aspiration Pneumonia Causative Agents - Answer -mixed aerobes and
sometimes anaerobes
LRT Infection: Chronic Pneumonia Causative Agents - Answer -mycobacterium
tuberculosis
Nontuberculosis mycobacteria
Fungal agents
List the lower respiratory tract (LRT) normal biota. - Answer -NO actual normal biota
present BUT sputum is a common sample that is used and has to pass through the
mouth where it will become contaminated with normal biota
When is growth considered a pathogen when examining a LRT culture? - Answer -if the
growth (org) is in greater concentration that the normal biota
List the LRT mandatory reporting. - Answer -Streptococcus pyogenes
Legionella
Mycobacteria
Agents of bioterrorism
LRT Specimens: Expectorated Sputum - Answer --noninvasive collection
-a very common specimen that becomes contaminated with normal biota of the mouth
-first morning sputum is most concentrated
LRT Specimens: Induced Sputum - Answer -invasive collection
-health care worker sprays a substance down patients throat to force a cough
LRT Specimens: Bronchoscopy - Answer -endoscope tube is inserted in the LRT and
aspirates the sample out
-more invasive but less contaminated than sputum
LRT Specimens: Tracheal Aspirate - Answer -soft catheter is passed into the
tracheobronchial tree to collect sputum from the LRT
-used for children and people who can not cough up sputum on demand
LRT Specimens: Transtracheal Needle Aspiration - Answer -very invasive but provides
almost no contamination
-suitable for anaerobic culture
LRT Specimens: Open Lung Biopsy (OLB) - Answer -highly invasive surgical procedure
to collect abscess material from the lungs
-minimal contamination
LRT Specimens: Thoracentesis - Answer -needle aspiration of pleural fluid from the
LRT
-usually done to diagnosis empyema
-invasive w/ minimal contamination
, Lung infections (LRT) by bacterial pathogens occur via.. - Answer -direct inoculation of
organisms through aspiration from the upper respiratory tract
LRT Infection: Bronchitis Causative Agents - Answer -most common infection usually
caused by respiratory viruses such as:
-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
-influenza
less common causes:
-mycoplasma pneumoniae
-chlamydophilia pneumoniae
-bordetella pertusis
LRT Infection: Community-acquired Pneumonia Causative Agents in Children - Answer
-most common causes:
-RSV, Influenza, Parainfluenza, Adenovirus
-Mycoplasma pneumoniae
less common casues:
- S. pneumoniae
-S. aureus
-H. influenzae
-Group B strept (neonates)
LRT Infection: Community-acquired Pneumonia Causative Agents in Adults - Answer -
most common causes: S. pneumoniae
less common causes:
-M. pneumoniae
-H. influenzae
-Chlamydophila pneumoniae
-Legionella pneumophilia
-Respiratory viruses
LRT Infection: Hosptial-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Causative
Agents - Answer -gram negative bacilli
staphylococcus aureus
streptococcus pneumoniae
haemophilus influenzae
legionella pneumophilia
LRT Infection: Aspiration Pneumonia Causative Agents - Answer -mixed aerobes and
sometimes anaerobes
LRT Infection: Chronic Pneumonia Causative Agents - Answer -mycobacterium
tuberculosis
Nontuberculosis mycobacteria
Fungal agents
