NSG 318 EXAM 3 AND ITS
CORRECT ANSWERS
What does the Upper Respiratory Tract Consist of?
nares, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx
What does the Lower Respiratory Tract Consist of?
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and alveolar-
capillary membrane
What is Ventilation?
movement of air in and out of the lungs
What is Perfusion?
Involves blood flow at the alveolar-capillary bed. Perfusion
is influenced by alveolar pressure. For gas exchange to
occur, the perfusion of each alveolus must be matched by
adequate ventilation. Factors such as mucosal edema,
secretions, and bronchospasm increase resistance to air
flow and decrease ventilation and diffusion of gases.
What is Diffusion?
the movement of molecules from higher to lower
concentrations
Upper Respiratory Infections (URI)
the common cold, acute rhinitis, sinusitis, and acute
pharyngitis
What is the most prevalent type of URI?
Common Cold
Symptoms of the common cold?
rhinorrhea (watery nasal discharge), nasal congestion,
cough, and increased mucosal secretions
What is an antihistamine?
, H1 antagonists which prevents extravascular smooth
muscle (including nasal cavity) constriction and decrease
nasopharyngeal secretions
What are some examples of smooth muscles?
stomach, intestines, esophagus, blood vessels, bronchi &
bronchioles, bladder wall, and uterus (females)
Types of Antihistamines and differences?
There are two groups of antihistamines: first-generation
and second-generation. Second-generation antihistamines
have fewer anticholinergic effects and a lower incidence of
drowsiness
Pharmacokinetics of Diphenhydramine?
First-Generation Antihistamine, administered Orally, IM,
IV. Highly protein Bound (98%), metabolized by liver and
excreted as metabolites in urine.
Contraindications of Diphenhydramine?
Breastfeeding
Caution- Asthma, Hepatic Disease, COPD, Pregnancy,
Urinary Retention, Older Adults, Intraocular Pressure,
close-angle glaucoma
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions of Diphenhydramine?
Increased CNS depression with alcohol, opiods,
hypnotics, and barbiturates. Avoid use with MAOIs
Therapeutic Effects/Uses of Diphenhydramine?
H1 Antagonist; Treats insomnia, allergic reactions,
common cold, cough, sneezing, pruritus, urticaria and
prevent motion sickness.
Side Effects of Diphenhydramine?
Can't Spit, Can't Shit, Can't Piss, Can't See
Confusion, Drowsiness, Headache, Weakness, Insomnia,
Fatigue
CORRECT ANSWERS
What does the Upper Respiratory Tract Consist of?
nares, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx
What does the Lower Respiratory Tract Consist of?
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and alveolar-
capillary membrane
What is Ventilation?
movement of air in and out of the lungs
What is Perfusion?
Involves blood flow at the alveolar-capillary bed. Perfusion
is influenced by alveolar pressure. For gas exchange to
occur, the perfusion of each alveolus must be matched by
adequate ventilation. Factors such as mucosal edema,
secretions, and bronchospasm increase resistance to air
flow and decrease ventilation and diffusion of gases.
What is Diffusion?
the movement of molecules from higher to lower
concentrations
Upper Respiratory Infections (URI)
the common cold, acute rhinitis, sinusitis, and acute
pharyngitis
What is the most prevalent type of URI?
Common Cold
Symptoms of the common cold?
rhinorrhea (watery nasal discharge), nasal congestion,
cough, and increased mucosal secretions
What is an antihistamine?
, H1 antagonists which prevents extravascular smooth
muscle (including nasal cavity) constriction and decrease
nasopharyngeal secretions
What are some examples of smooth muscles?
stomach, intestines, esophagus, blood vessels, bronchi &
bronchioles, bladder wall, and uterus (females)
Types of Antihistamines and differences?
There are two groups of antihistamines: first-generation
and second-generation. Second-generation antihistamines
have fewer anticholinergic effects and a lower incidence of
drowsiness
Pharmacokinetics of Diphenhydramine?
First-Generation Antihistamine, administered Orally, IM,
IV. Highly protein Bound (98%), metabolized by liver and
excreted as metabolites in urine.
Contraindications of Diphenhydramine?
Breastfeeding
Caution- Asthma, Hepatic Disease, COPD, Pregnancy,
Urinary Retention, Older Adults, Intraocular Pressure,
close-angle glaucoma
Drug-Lab-Food Interactions of Diphenhydramine?
Increased CNS depression with alcohol, opiods,
hypnotics, and barbiturates. Avoid use with MAOIs
Therapeutic Effects/Uses of Diphenhydramine?
H1 Antagonist; Treats insomnia, allergic reactions,
common cold, cough, sneezing, pruritus, urticaria and
prevent motion sickness.
Side Effects of Diphenhydramine?
Can't Spit, Can't Shit, Can't Piss, Can't See
Confusion, Drowsiness, Headache, Weakness, Insomnia,
Fatigue
