, Instructor Resource
Stohr, Corrections: From Research, to Policy, to Practice, 1st Edition
SAGE Publishing 2018
Chapter 1: The Philosophical and Ideological Underpinnings of Corrections
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Corrections serves which of the following functions for accused and convicted
individuals?
A. Management
B. Punishment
C. Supervision
D. Treatment
E. All of these
Ans: E
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe the function of corrections and its philosophical
underpinnings.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Introduction: What Is Corrections?
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. According to Durkheim, rituals of punishment function to ______.
A. reaffirm the justness of social norms
B. reduce solidarity
C. inhibit the formation of close social bonds
D. undermine social norms
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe the function of corrections and its philosophical
underpinnings.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Function of Punishment
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. The earliest known written code of punishment was:
A. British Common Law
B. Early Roman Code
C. The Civil Code
D. The Code of Ur-Nammu
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe the function of corrections and its philosophical
underpinnings.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Foundation of Correctional Punishment
Difficulty Level: Medium
1
, Instructor Resource
Stohr, Corrections: From Research, to Policy, to Practice, 1st Edition
SAGE Publishing 2018
4. Beccaria advocates that a system of punishment should include which of the
following elements?
A. Certainty
B. Swiftness
C. Severity
D. All of these
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 1-2: Differentiate between the classical and positivist schools in
terms of their respective stances on punishment.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Emergence of the Classical School
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. ______ believed that human action was often evoked by circumstances beyond their
control.
A. Garofalo
B. Bentham
C. Beccaria
D. Hammurabi
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 1-2: Differentiate between the classical and positivist schools in
terms of their respective stances on punishment.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Emergence of Positivism: Should Punishment Fit the Offender or
the Offense?
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Bentham’s philosophy of social control rests on the principle of ______.
A. Retribution
B. Restitution
C. Utility
D. Torture
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 1-2: Differentiate between the classical and positivist schools in
terms of their respective stances on punishment.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Emergence of the Classical School
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. The Enlightenment concept of human nature sees individuals as all of the following
except:
A. Endowed with free will
B. Constrained in their choices
C. Hedonistic
2
, Instructor Resource
Stohr, Corrections: From Research, to Policy, to Practice, 1st Edition
SAGE Publishing 2018
D. Rational
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 1-2: Differentiate between the classical and positivist schools in
terms of their respective stances on punishment.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Emergence of the Classical School
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. The notion of legal responsibility was called into question by ______.
A. the classical school
B. positivism
C. the deterrence doctrine
D. all of these
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 1-2: Differentiate between the classical and positivist schools in
terms of their respective stances on punishment.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Emergence of Positivism: Should Punishment Fit the Offender or
the Offense?
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. The ______ model finds its roots in the medical model.
A. incapacitation
B. retribution
C. rehabilitation
D. deterrence
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 1-4: Define and describe the major punishment justifications.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Rehabilitation
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Under Garofalo’s sentencing guidelines, the ______ criminal would be subjected to
transportation to a penal colony.
A. impulsive
B. endemic
C. extreme
D. mentally ill
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 1-2: Differentiate between the classical and positivist schools in
terms of their respective stances on punishment.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
3
Stohr, Corrections: From Research, to Policy, to Practice, 1st Edition
SAGE Publishing 2018
Chapter 1: The Philosophical and Ideological Underpinnings of Corrections
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Corrections serves which of the following functions for accused and convicted
individuals?
A. Management
B. Punishment
C. Supervision
D. Treatment
E. All of these
Ans: E
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe the function of corrections and its philosophical
underpinnings.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Introduction: What Is Corrections?
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. According to Durkheim, rituals of punishment function to ______.
A. reaffirm the justness of social norms
B. reduce solidarity
C. inhibit the formation of close social bonds
D. undermine social norms
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe the function of corrections and its philosophical
underpinnings.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Function of Punishment
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. The earliest known written code of punishment was:
A. British Common Law
B. Early Roman Code
C. The Civil Code
D. The Code of Ur-Nammu
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 1-1: Describe the function of corrections and its philosophical
underpinnings.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Foundation of Correctional Punishment
Difficulty Level: Medium
1
, Instructor Resource
Stohr, Corrections: From Research, to Policy, to Practice, 1st Edition
SAGE Publishing 2018
4. Beccaria advocates that a system of punishment should include which of the
following elements?
A. Certainty
B. Swiftness
C. Severity
D. All of these
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 1-2: Differentiate between the classical and positivist schools in
terms of their respective stances on punishment.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Emergence of the Classical School
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. ______ believed that human action was often evoked by circumstances beyond their
control.
A. Garofalo
B. Bentham
C. Beccaria
D. Hammurabi
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 1-2: Differentiate between the classical and positivist schools in
terms of their respective stances on punishment.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Emergence of Positivism: Should Punishment Fit the Offender or
the Offense?
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Bentham’s philosophy of social control rests on the principle of ______.
A. Retribution
B. Restitution
C. Utility
D. Torture
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 1-2: Differentiate between the classical and positivist schools in
terms of their respective stances on punishment.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Emergence of the Classical School
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. The Enlightenment concept of human nature sees individuals as all of the following
except:
A. Endowed with free will
B. Constrained in their choices
C. Hedonistic
2
, Instructor Resource
Stohr, Corrections: From Research, to Policy, to Practice, 1st Edition
SAGE Publishing 2018
D. Rational
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 1-2: Differentiate between the classical and positivist schools in
terms of their respective stances on punishment.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Emergence of the Classical School
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. The notion of legal responsibility was called into question by ______.
A. the classical school
B. positivism
C. the deterrence doctrine
D. all of these
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 1-2: Differentiate between the classical and positivist schools in
terms of their respective stances on punishment.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Emergence of Positivism: Should Punishment Fit the Offender or
the Offense?
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. The ______ model finds its roots in the medical model.
A. incapacitation
B. retribution
C. rehabilitation
D. deterrence
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 1-4: Define and describe the major punishment justifications.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Rehabilitation
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Under Garofalo’s sentencing guidelines, the ______ criminal would be subjected to
transportation to a penal colony.
A. impulsive
B. endemic
C. extreme
D. mentally ill
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 1-2: Differentiate between the classical and positivist schools in
terms of their respective stances on punishment.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
3
