1|Page
APHY 164 Final review Questions
with Detailed Verified Answers
Graded A+
Pleural Cavity Ans: contains the lungs
pericardial cavity Ans: contains the heart
Mediastinum Ans: Centrally located space between the lungs
Diaphragm Ans: a dome-shaped, muscular partition separating the thorax
from the abdomen in mammals. It plays a major role in breathing, as its
contraction increases the volume of the thorax and so inflates the lungs.
abdominal cavity Ans: Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and
other organs
pelvic cavity Ans: contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and
internal organs of reproduction
cranial cavity Ans: contains the brain
Vertebral Cavity (Spinal Cavity) Ans: contains the spinal cord
Posterior (dorsal) body cavities Ans: cranial and vertebral
Ventral (anterior) body cavities Ans: thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
abdominopelvic cavity Ans: both the pelvic and abdominal cavities
,2|Page
Isotopes Ans: Different forms of an element that have the same number of
protons but a different number of neutrons.
Atom Ans: smallest unit of an element
Atomic mass Ans: number of protons and nuetrons
Atomic number Ans: number of protons
Nucleus Ans: where protons (+) and neutrons (neutral) are located
Electrons Ans: located outside the nucleus and have a negative charge.
Covalent Bond Ans: atoms that share electrons and are the strongest type of
chemical bond.
Nonpolar Ans: covalent bond where electrons are equally shared between the
elements
Polar Ans: covalent bond where electrons are unequally shared between the
elements in the bond
Ionic bonds Ans: formed by atoms that transfer electrons and the resulting
positive and negative energies are attracted to form an ionic compound
Ions Ans: atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons
Hydrogen bond Ans: when a hydrogen is bonded to an electronegative atom
it becomes slightly positive and is attacted to another electronegative atom
(weak)
blood Ans: liquid connective tissue, chief means of transport within the body
, 3|Page
plasma Ans: the liquid matrix found in blood vessels. composed of water and
dissolved substances (ex. plasma proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, gases,
regulatory substances and waste products)
formed elements Ans: RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
erythrocytes Ans: red blood cells (RBC); no nucleus, contain hemoglobin
which carries oxygen
erythropoiesis Ans: production of red blood cells
hematocrit Ans: red blood cell volume, usually about 45%
anemia Ans: a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is
reduced; characterized by reduced numbers of RBCs or a low amount of
hemoglobin
thrombocytes Ans: platelets, small cell fragments that facilitate and promote
blood clotting
fibrin Ans: sticky string, forms into strands that make a platelet plug grow
stronger
fibrinogen Ans: clotting protein precursor that turns into fibrin in the
presence of thrombin and calcium
prothrombin Ans: precursor molecule that turns into thrombin in the
presence of calcium & clotting factors
thrombin Ans: an exzyme that cleaves fibrinogen to turn it into fibrin
leukocytes Ans: white blood cells (WBC); have a nucleus, do NOT have
hemoglobin, responsible for fighting infection
APHY 164 Final review Questions
with Detailed Verified Answers
Graded A+
Pleural Cavity Ans: contains the lungs
pericardial cavity Ans: contains the heart
Mediastinum Ans: Centrally located space between the lungs
Diaphragm Ans: a dome-shaped, muscular partition separating the thorax
from the abdomen in mammals. It plays a major role in breathing, as its
contraction increases the volume of the thorax and so inflates the lungs.
abdominal cavity Ans: Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver, and
other organs
pelvic cavity Ans: contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and
internal organs of reproduction
cranial cavity Ans: contains the brain
Vertebral Cavity (Spinal Cavity) Ans: contains the spinal cord
Posterior (dorsal) body cavities Ans: cranial and vertebral
Ventral (anterior) body cavities Ans: thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
abdominopelvic cavity Ans: both the pelvic and abdominal cavities
,2|Page
Isotopes Ans: Different forms of an element that have the same number of
protons but a different number of neutrons.
Atom Ans: smallest unit of an element
Atomic mass Ans: number of protons and nuetrons
Atomic number Ans: number of protons
Nucleus Ans: where protons (+) and neutrons (neutral) are located
Electrons Ans: located outside the nucleus and have a negative charge.
Covalent Bond Ans: atoms that share electrons and are the strongest type of
chemical bond.
Nonpolar Ans: covalent bond where electrons are equally shared between the
elements
Polar Ans: covalent bond where electrons are unequally shared between the
elements in the bond
Ionic bonds Ans: formed by atoms that transfer electrons and the resulting
positive and negative energies are attracted to form an ionic compound
Ions Ans: atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons
Hydrogen bond Ans: when a hydrogen is bonded to an electronegative atom
it becomes slightly positive and is attacted to another electronegative atom
(weak)
blood Ans: liquid connective tissue, chief means of transport within the body
, 3|Page
plasma Ans: the liquid matrix found in blood vessels. composed of water and
dissolved substances (ex. plasma proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, gases,
regulatory substances and waste products)
formed elements Ans: RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
erythrocytes Ans: red blood cells (RBC); no nucleus, contain hemoglobin
which carries oxygen
erythropoiesis Ans: production of red blood cells
hematocrit Ans: red blood cell volume, usually about 45%
anemia Ans: a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is
reduced; characterized by reduced numbers of RBCs or a low amount of
hemoglobin
thrombocytes Ans: platelets, small cell fragments that facilitate and promote
blood clotting
fibrin Ans: sticky string, forms into strands that make a platelet plug grow
stronger
fibrinogen Ans: clotting protein precursor that turns into fibrin in the
presence of thrombin and calcium
prothrombin Ans: precursor molecule that turns into thrombin in the
presence of calcium & clotting factors
thrombin Ans: an exzyme that cleaves fibrinogen to turn it into fibrin
leukocytes Ans: white blood cells (WBC); have a nucleus, do NOT have
hemoglobin, responsible for fighting infection
