BIO 336 Human Physiology Exam 3 Questions
And Correct Answers
Kidney functions - ANSWER -control water balance
-remove waste products (nitrogen cannot be released in gaseous form so creatinine,
urea, and urobilin are excreted in urine)
Uremia - ANSWER condition developed if body cannot rid itself of nitrogen via urine
BUN - ANSWER blood urea nitrogen (measures nitrogen in bloodstream)
Renal Cortex - ANSWER grainy looking part of kidney. Grainy made up of 1 million
nephrons per kidney
Renal Pyramids - ANSWER made up of the loop of Henles found in the renal medulla.
Striated regions (5-7) per kidney
RBF (Renal Blood Flow) - ANSWER 1L/min or 20% of cardiac output
What is the result of reduced blood flow to kidneys? - ANSWER an increased level of
nitrogen in the blood
What is the rate of urine production? - ANSWER 1mL/minute
Hydronephrosis - ANSWER an accumulation of urine in the kidney because of an
obstruction in the ureter. Can damage the kidney.
How much fluid can the bladder hold? - ANSWER 400-800mL
,Blood creatinine - ANSWER Measured to make sure there isn't something wrong with
the kidney
Kidney Stone - ANSWER a solid concentration of minerals that form a stone in the pelvis
that have to be forced through the ureter
Treatments for kidney stones - ANSWER -Morphine and drinking lots of water
-shockwave lithotripsy to pulverize stone
-surgery
Nephrons - ANSWER -1 million per kidney (only need 200k)
-under 200k results in renal failure
GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) - ANSWER -the flow rate of fluid through the kidneys
-125mL/min is normal for 2 million nephrons
-25ml/min is normal for about 200k nephrons per kidney
The renal cortex contains... - ANSWER -proximal convoluted tubule
-distal convoluted tubule
-Bowman's capsule
The renal medulla contains... - ANSWER -Loops of Henle
-collecting ducts
diuresis - ANSWER producing urine at greater than 1mL/minute (caused by diuretic
drugs)
, Causes for high BUN - ANSWER -less renal blood flow
Pre-renal failure - ANSWER -something wrong before the kidney, but nothing wrong with
kidney
-renal artery stenosis can cause pre-renal failure because of atherosclerotic plaque in
renal arteries
Intra-renal failure - ANSWER something wrong with the kidney (hydronephrosis)
Post-renal failure - ANSWER something wrong after the kidney (kidney stone)
Aging causes... - ANSWER -loss of nephrons
-increased BUN
Renal Blood Flow - ANSWER -blood goes from the arteries and then through the afferent
arteriole
-blood contents get filtered through the glomerulus and into the proximal convoluted
tubule or get filtered out the efferent arteriole
What gets filtered through the efferent arteriole? - ANSWER RBCs and plasma proteins
What gets filtered through the proximal convoluted duct? - ANSWER creatinine, urea,
urobilin, H2O, Na+, and glucose
What gets reabsorbed at the PCT through vasa recta? - ANSWER H2O, Na+, and glucose
What get's excreted? - ANSWER urea, urobilin, and creatinine
What can cause damage to the glomerulus? - ANSWER -high glucose levels can destroy
And Correct Answers
Kidney functions - ANSWER -control water balance
-remove waste products (nitrogen cannot be released in gaseous form so creatinine,
urea, and urobilin are excreted in urine)
Uremia - ANSWER condition developed if body cannot rid itself of nitrogen via urine
BUN - ANSWER blood urea nitrogen (measures nitrogen in bloodstream)
Renal Cortex - ANSWER grainy looking part of kidney. Grainy made up of 1 million
nephrons per kidney
Renal Pyramids - ANSWER made up of the loop of Henles found in the renal medulla.
Striated regions (5-7) per kidney
RBF (Renal Blood Flow) - ANSWER 1L/min or 20% of cardiac output
What is the result of reduced blood flow to kidneys? - ANSWER an increased level of
nitrogen in the blood
What is the rate of urine production? - ANSWER 1mL/minute
Hydronephrosis - ANSWER an accumulation of urine in the kidney because of an
obstruction in the ureter. Can damage the kidney.
How much fluid can the bladder hold? - ANSWER 400-800mL
,Blood creatinine - ANSWER Measured to make sure there isn't something wrong with
the kidney
Kidney Stone - ANSWER a solid concentration of minerals that form a stone in the pelvis
that have to be forced through the ureter
Treatments for kidney stones - ANSWER -Morphine and drinking lots of water
-shockwave lithotripsy to pulverize stone
-surgery
Nephrons - ANSWER -1 million per kidney (only need 200k)
-under 200k results in renal failure
GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) - ANSWER -the flow rate of fluid through the kidneys
-125mL/min is normal for 2 million nephrons
-25ml/min is normal for about 200k nephrons per kidney
The renal cortex contains... - ANSWER -proximal convoluted tubule
-distal convoluted tubule
-Bowman's capsule
The renal medulla contains... - ANSWER -Loops of Henle
-collecting ducts
diuresis - ANSWER producing urine at greater than 1mL/minute (caused by diuretic
drugs)
, Causes for high BUN - ANSWER -less renal blood flow
Pre-renal failure - ANSWER -something wrong before the kidney, but nothing wrong with
kidney
-renal artery stenosis can cause pre-renal failure because of atherosclerotic plaque in
renal arteries
Intra-renal failure - ANSWER something wrong with the kidney (hydronephrosis)
Post-renal failure - ANSWER something wrong after the kidney (kidney stone)
Aging causes... - ANSWER -loss of nephrons
-increased BUN
Renal Blood Flow - ANSWER -blood goes from the arteries and then through the afferent
arteriole
-blood contents get filtered through the glomerulus and into the proximal convoluted
tubule or get filtered out the efferent arteriole
What gets filtered through the efferent arteriole? - ANSWER RBCs and plasma proteins
What gets filtered through the proximal convoluted duct? - ANSWER creatinine, urea,
urobilin, H2O, Na+, and glucose
What gets reabsorbed at the PCT through vasa recta? - ANSWER H2O, Na+, and glucose
What get's excreted? - ANSWER urea, urobilin, and creatinine
What can cause damage to the glomerulus? - ANSWER -high glucose levels can destroy
