AQA AS Biology Module 1-4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i649ni
joining two molecules together cre-
what is a condensation reaction? ating a chemical bond and removing
water
breaks a chemical bond between two
what is a hydrolysis reaction?
molecules and involved use of water
smaller units that can create larger
what is a monomer? molecules - nucleotides, amino acids,
glucose
made from lots of monomers joined
what is a polymer? together - polysaccharides, proteins,
DNA+RNA
same molecular formula, different
what is an isomer?
arrangement
what are the monomers of lactose? glucose + galactose
what are the monomers of maltose? glucose + glucose
what are the monomers of sucrose? fructose + glucose
what are two isomers of glucose? alpha, beta
alpha glucose structure
, AQA AS Biology Module 1-4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i649ni
beta glucose structure
a singular sugar unit - glucose, fruc-
what are monosaccharides?
tose, galactose
two sugar units that form by a conden-
what are disaccharides? sation reaction and form a glycosidic
bonds
store of glucose, hence found in a
starch function
plant cell's chloroplast
polysaccharide made of alpha glu-
starch structure cose, 1,4 in amylose, 1,4 & 1,6 in amy-
lopectin
amylopectin structure branched
, AQA AS Biology Module 1-4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i649ni
amylose structure unbranched helix
helix is compact so can store a lot
in small space, branched structure
starch structure related to function increases surface area for hydrolysis
into glucose, insoluble so does affect
water potential
store of glucose found in animal cells
glycogen function
(esp. muscle and liver)
polysaccharide made of alpha glu-
glycogen structure
cose, 1,4 & 1,6 glycosidic bonds
highly branched molecule which in-
creases surface area for rapid hydrol-
glycogen structure related to function
ysis into glucose, insoluble so will not
affect water potential
provide mechanical strength to cell to
cellulose function prevent from bursting under osmotic
pressure
polysaccharide made of beta glucose,
cellulose structure
1,4 glycosidic bonds
cellulose structure related to function
, AQA AS Biology Module 1-4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i649ni
long straight chains held by hydrogen
bonds to form fibrils (many H-bonds
provide strength), insoluble so will not
affect water potential
1. contains one molecule of glycerol,
two molecules of fatty acids and a
what is a phospholipid?
phosphate group
2. form by condensation reactions
what is the function of phospholipids? structure of cell membranes
1. in aqueous environments,
2. being polar means a bilayer can
form, phosphate group has negative
charge so can attract water but repel
other lipids
how are phospholipids structure re-
3. hydrophobic tails repel water but
lated to function?
can mix with other fats,
4. their structure allows them to form
glycolipids with carbohydrates which
are important on the cell surface
membrane for cell recognition
what are triglycerides?
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i649ni
joining two molecules together cre-
what is a condensation reaction? ating a chemical bond and removing
water
breaks a chemical bond between two
what is a hydrolysis reaction?
molecules and involved use of water
smaller units that can create larger
what is a monomer? molecules - nucleotides, amino acids,
glucose
made from lots of monomers joined
what is a polymer? together - polysaccharides, proteins,
DNA+RNA
same molecular formula, different
what is an isomer?
arrangement
what are the monomers of lactose? glucose + galactose
what are the monomers of maltose? glucose + glucose
what are the monomers of sucrose? fructose + glucose
what are two isomers of glucose? alpha, beta
alpha glucose structure
, AQA AS Biology Module 1-4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i649ni
beta glucose structure
a singular sugar unit - glucose, fruc-
what are monosaccharides?
tose, galactose
two sugar units that form by a conden-
what are disaccharides? sation reaction and form a glycosidic
bonds
store of glucose, hence found in a
starch function
plant cell's chloroplast
polysaccharide made of alpha glu-
starch structure cose, 1,4 in amylose, 1,4 & 1,6 in amy-
lopectin
amylopectin structure branched
, AQA AS Biology Module 1-4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i649ni
amylose structure unbranched helix
helix is compact so can store a lot
in small space, branched structure
starch structure related to function increases surface area for hydrolysis
into glucose, insoluble so does affect
water potential
store of glucose found in animal cells
glycogen function
(esp. muscle and liver)
polysaccharide made of alpha glu-
glycogen structure
cose, 1,4 & 1,6 glycosidic bonds
highly branched molecule which in-
creases surface area for rapid hydrol-
glycogen structure related to function
ysis into glucose, insoluble so will not
affect water potential
provide mechanical strength to cell to
cellulose function prevent from bursting under osmotic
pressure
polysaccharide made of beta glucose,
cellulose structure
1,4 glycosidic bonds
cellulose structure related to function
, AQA AS Biology Module 1-4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i649ni
long straight chains held by hydrogen
bonds to form fibrils (many H-bonds
provide strength), insoluble so will not
affect water potential
1. contains one molecule of glycerol,
two molecules of fatty acids and a
what is a phospholipid?
phosphate group
2. form by condensation reactions
what is the function of phospholipids? structure of cell membranes
1. in aqueous environments,
2. being polar means a bilayer can
form, phosphate group has negative
charge so can attract water but repel
other lipids
how are phospholipids structure re-
3. hydrophobic tails repel water but
lated to function?
can mix with other fats,
4. their structure allows them to form
glycolipids with carbohydrates which
are important on the cell surface
membrane for cell recognition
what are triglycerides?
