MICR 290 Midterm EXAM Questions & Answers | 100% Verified
solutions |Questions with Correct Answers 2025 latest update!!
terms in this set (63)
What is genetics? The study of heredity
The entire genetic complement of an
What is genome?
organism Includes its genes and
nucleotide sequences
What is the central dogma of Explains the flow of genetic information, from DNA->RNA->Protein
molecular biology?
What is DNA? deoxyribonucleic acid, carrier of genetic information.
ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Act as
What is RNA?
a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling
the synthesis of proteins
What is a protein? Polymer of amino acids
What are the building blocks of DNA and RNA:
DNA, RNA, and proteins? nucleotide Proteins:
amino acids
Consists of a sugar molecule attached to a phosphate group and a
What is a nucleotide?
nitrogen- containing base.
What are the differences between Prokaryotic: singular circular chromosomes
prokaryotic and eukaryotic Eukaryotic: one or two sets of linear chromosomes
genomes?
How does DNA replication 5' to 3' direction
occur?
What is another name for the Okazaki fragments
lagging strand?
The gene-start and gene-end signals are ignored and an exact
How does RNA replication
occur? complementary copy of the genome is synthesized.
Takes place on the ribosome in the cell cytoplasm. mRNA is
How does protein translation
occur? read and translated into the string of amino acid chains that
make up the synthesized protein.
What is a plasmid? small circular piece of DNA
What is a mutation? change in DNA sequence
What is the difference between Genotype: sets of genes in the
genotype and phenotype? genome Phenotype: physical
, features
What is a gene? How are they The basic physical and functional unit of heredity.
regulated?
The process of using bacteriophage to move pieces of
What is transduction? How does
it occur? chromosome from one bacterial cell to another.
- The transfer of a gene from one bacteria to another, such as the F+ factor
- The F+ cell copies the gene and transfers it to an F- cell via the sex
What is conjugation? How does pilus
it occur?
- This can also transfer chromosomal DNA between bacteria
(must be beneficial to occur)
What is horizontal gene The movement of genetic information between organisms. Can
transfer? How does it occur? occur in transformation, transduction, and conjugation.
What is transposition? Movement of transposons
Segments of DNA that move from one location to another in
What is transposon?
the same or different molecule
What are endospores? Dormant, tough, and non reproductive structure
What organisms form Bacillus and clostridium
endospore?
What general bacteria has no cell Mycoplasma
wall?
solutions |Questions with Correct Answers 2025 latest update!!
terms in this set (63)
What is genetics? The study of heredity
The entire genetic complement of an
What is genome?
organism Includes its genes and
nucleotide sequences
What is the central dogma of Explains the flow of genetic information, from DNA->RNA->Protein
molecular biology?
What is DNA? deoxyribonucleic acid, carrier of genetic information.
ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Act as
What is RNA?
a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling
the synthesis of proteins
What is a protein? Polymer of amino acids
What are the building blocks of DNA and RNA:
DNA, RNA, and proteins? nucleotide Proteins:
amino acids
Consists of a sugar molecule attached to a phosphate group and a
What is a nucleotide?
nitrogen- containing base.
What are the differences between Prokaryotic: singular circular chromosomes
prokaryotic and eukaryotic Eukaryotic: one or two sets of linear chromosomes
genomes?
How does DNA replication 5' to 3' direction
occur?
What is another name for the Okazaki fragments
lagging strand?
The gene-start and gene-end signals are ignored and an exact
How does RNA replication
occur? complementary copy of the genome is synthesized.
Takes place on the ribosome in the cell cytoplasm. mRNA is
How does protein translation
occur? read and translated into the string of amino acid chains that
make up the synthesized protein.
What is a plasmid? small circular piece of DNA
What is a mutation? change in DNA sequence
What is the difference between Genotype: sets of genes in the
genotype and phenotype? genome Phenotype: physical
, features
What is a gene? How are they The basic physical and functional unit of heredity.
regulated?
The process of using bacteriophage to move pieces of
What is transduction? How does
it occur? chromosome from one bacterial cell to another.
- The transfer of a gene from one bacteria to another, such as the F+ factor
- The F+ cell copies the gene and transfers it to an F- cell via the sex
What is conjugation? How does pilus
it occur?
- This can also transfer chromosomal DNA between bacteria
(must be beneficial to occur)
What is horizontal gene The movement of genetic information between organisms. Can
transfer? How does it occur? occur in transformation, transduction, and conjugation.
What is transposition? Movement of transposons
Segments of DNA that move from one location to another in
What is transposon?
the same or different molecule
What are endospores? Dormant, tough, and non reproductive structure
What organisms form Bacillus and clostridium
endospore?
What general bacteria has no cell Mycoplasma
wall?
