AACN: ECCO 4.0: Caring for Patients with Cardiovascular
Disorders: Part 3 - ICU: Assessing and Managing Patients
with Cardiomyopathies Questions with Verified Answers.
Terms in this set (30)
occurs when the aortic valve leaflets do not close completely.
aortic regurgitation
this results in the regurgitation from the aorta to the left
ventricle during ventricular diastole
classifications of aortic chronic or acute
regurgitation
1. acute aortic valve damage leads to large volume of blood
suddenly returns to LV from the aorta leading to
pathophysiology of acute
2. increased LV volume, and when the lv is overcome and unable
aortic regurgitation
to adopt ultimately leads to
3. decreased systemic flow
cardiac: angina, palpitations, widened pulse pressure, bounding peripheral
pulses,
chronic aortic regurgitation S3, diastolic murmur
assessment
resp: dyspnea/fatigue, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND),
orthopnea, and p. edema
Amlodip
ine
arterial vasodilators Hydrala
zine
below are ca+ blockers and others that also have arterial
vasodilator properties: nifidepine , felodipine, and ace-i or
arbs
arterial vasodilators effects on decreased
afterload
, diastolic murmur, tachycardia, hypotension
acute aortic regurgitation
assessment : cardiac if the volume of regurgitation is large enough, the patient may
present with p. edema, or cardiogenic shock
emergency surgery
prior to surgery it is recommended:
nitro's
treatment for acute aortic diuretics
regurgitation venous
vasodilators
dobutamine
IABP AND ARTERIAL VASOCONSTRICTORS ARE
CONTRAINDICATED
congential or acquired narrowing of
the aortic valve and reduce blood
aortic stenosis
flow from the lv into the aorta
during ventricular systole
how does the heart attempt to 1. hypertrophy of lv to maintain cardiac output despite stenotic aortic
compensate for aortic stenosis valve
exertional angina, exercise intolerance, palpitations or
signs and symptoms of aortic
stenosis syncope, heart failure symptoms (S3 and S4 may be heard)
treatment of aortic stenosis valve replacement/ balloon valvuloplasty after PATIENT IS
SYMPTOMATIC
when is the patient heart failure symptoms (severe dyspnea, orthopnea, decreased
considered symptomatic uo), p. edema, hypertension , angina, syncope
the mitral valve does not close completely, blood from the lv
mitral regurgitation regurgitates into the la during ventricular systole CAUSING
DECREASED STROKE VOLUME AND INCREASED
LEFT ATRIAL VOLUME AND PRESSURE
chronic mitral valve regurgitation due to infectious or structural changes (secondary) heart
1. increased atrial pressure and volume leads to
how does chronic mitral valve 2. atrial dilation until the la can no longer manager excess
regurgitation lead to pulmonary volume and pressure increases
htn 3, the effects are then transferred to the pulmonary system
what inherent cardiac 1. lv hypertrophy
compensatory methods are
present compensate for mitral will ultimately lead to systolic ventricular dysfunction
Disorders: Part 3 - ICU: Assessing and Managing Patients
with Cardiomyopathies Questions with Verified Answers.
Terms in this set (30)
occurs when the aortic valve leaflets do not close completely.
aortic regurgitation
this results in the regurgitation from the aorta to the left
ventricle during ventricular diastole
classifications of aortic chronic or acute
regurgitation
1. acute aortic valve damage leads to large volume of blood
suddenly returns to LV from the aorta leading to
pathophysiology of acute
2. increased LV volume, and when the lv is overcome and unable
aortic regurgitation
to adopt ultimately leads to
3. decreased systemic flow
cardiac: angina, palpitations, widened pulse pressure, bounding peripheral
pulses,
chronic aortic regurgitation S3, diastolic murmur
assessment
resp: dyspnea/fatigue, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND),
orthopnea, and p. edema
Amlodip
ine
arterial vasodilators Hydrala
zine
below are ca+ blockers and others that also have arterial
vasodilator properties: nifidepine , felodipine, and ace-i or
arbs
arterial vasodilators effects on decreased
afterload
, diastolic murmur, tachycardia, hypotension
acute aortic regurgitation
assessment : cardiac if the volume of regurgitation is large enough, the patient may
present with p. edema, or cardiogenic shock
emergency surgery
prior to surgery it is recommended:
nitro's
treatment for acute aortic diuretics
regurgitation venous
vasodilators
dobutamine
IABP AND ARTERIAL VASOCONSTRICTORS ARE
CONTRAINDICATED
congential or acquired narrowing of
the aortic valve and reduce blood
aortic stenosis
flow from the lv into the aorta
during ventricular systole
how does the heart attempt to 1. hypertrophy of lv to maintain cardiac output despite stenotic aortic
compensate for aortic stenosis valve
exertional angina, exercise intolerance, palpitations or
signs and symptoms of aortic
stenosis syncope, heart failure symptoms (S3 and S4 may be heard)
treatment of aortic stenosis valve replacement/ balloon valvuloplasty after PATIENT IS
SYMPTOMATIC
when is the patient heart failure symptoms (severe dyspnea, orthopnea, decreased
considered symptomatic uo), p. edema, hypertension , angina, syncope
the mitral valve does not close completely, blood from the lv
mitral regurgitation regurgitates into the la during ventricular systole CAUSING
DECREASED STROKE VOLUME AND INCREASED
LEFT ATRIAL VOLUME AND PRESSURE
chronic mitral valve regurgitation due to infectious or structural changes (secondary) heart
1. increased atrial pressure and volume leads to
how does chronic mitral valve 2. atrial dilation until the la can no longer manager excess
regurgitation lead to pulmonary volume and pressure increases
htn 3, the effects are then transferred to the pulmonary system
what inherent cardiac 1. lv hypertrophy
compensatory methods are
present compensate for mitral will ultimately lead to systolic ventricular dysfunction
