NR 565 Pharmacology Week 1 Exam
with Complete Solutions
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER-The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism,
and excretion in the body
"What the body does to the drug"
Factors that affect drug absorption (5) - ANSWER-Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
PH partitioning
Factors that affect drug distribution (4) - ANSWER-Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER-The study of biochemical and physiologic effects of
drugs on the body and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced
"What the body does to the drug"
Phamacodynamics: 3 mechanisms of action - ANSWER-Receptor
Enzyme
Non-selective interactions (i.e. chemo)
Types of drug therapy (7) - ANSWER-Acute
Maintenance (HTN/bc)
Supplemental (insulin)
Palliative
Supportive (IV fluid)
Prophylactic
Empirical (broad-spectrum abx)
Idiosyncratic Effect - ANSWER-Unexpected response to medication
Tolerance - ANSWER-Declining response to a drug
Dependence - ANSWER-Physiological/psychological need for a drug; needs drug for
normal function
, Addiction - ANSWER-Compulsive use of a drug despite negative/dangerous effects
Drug interactions: drug-drug - ANSWER-When 2 drugs compete for metabolizing
enzymes
Drug interactions: food-drug - ANSWER-Grapefruit juice or leafy greens
Drug interactions: additive - ANSWER-1+1 = 2; both provide intended effect
Drug interactions: antagonistic - ANSWER-1+1 = <2; less than desired effect of one or
both drugs
Drug interactions: synergistic - ANSWER-1+1 = >2; sum total effect is greater than if
given alone (i.e. lisinopril + HCTZ)
Drug interactions: incompatibility - ANSWER-1+1 does not equal 2; two IV drugs given
together causing decomposition of one or both drugs
8 rights of medication administration - ANSWER-Patient
Medication
Dose
Route
Time
Reason
Response
Documentation
Adverse reactions: pharmacologic - ANSWER-Extension of a drug's normal effect
Adverse reactions: Allergic/hypersensitivity - ANSWER-Exaggerated immune response
(i.e. mild itching to anaphylaxis)
Adverse reactions: idiosyncratic - ANSWER-Peculiar to the patient
Adverse reactions: drug reaction - ANSWER-Most complex, difficult to determine
Teratogenic effects - ANSWER-Causes birth defects
Mutagenic effects - ANSWER-Able to cause changes in genetic tissue
Carcinogen - ANSWER-Substances that can cause cancer
Toxicology - ANSWER-The study of adverse effects of chemicals and their compounds
on living organisms and tissues
with Complete Solutions
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER-The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism,
and excretion in the body
"What the body does to the drug"
Factors that affect drug absorption (5) - ANSWER-Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
PH partitioning
Factors that affect drug distribution (4) - ANSWER-Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER-The study of biochemical and physiologic effects of
drugs on the body and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced
"What the body does to the drug"
Phamacodynamics: 3 mechanisms of action - ANSWER-Receptor
Enzyme
Non-selective interactions (i.e. chemo)
Types of drug therapy (7) - ANSWER-Acute
Maintenance (HTN/bc)
Supplemental (insulin)
Palliative
Supportive (IV fluid)
Prophylactic
Empirical (broad-spectrum abx)
Idiosyncratic Effect - ANSWER-Unexpected response to medication
Tolerance - ANSWER-Declining response to a drug
Dependence - ANSWER-Physiological/psychological need for a drug; needs drug for
normal function
, Addiction - ANSWER-Compulsive use of a drug despite negative/dangerous effects
Drug interactions: drug-drug - ANSWER-When 2 drugs compete for metabolizing
enzymes
Drug interactions: food-drug - ANSWER-Grapefruit juice or leafy greens
Drug interactions: additive - ANSWER-1+1 = 2; both provide intended effect
Drug interactions: antagonistic - ANSWER-1+1 = <2; less than desired effect of one or
both drugs
Drug interactions: synergistic - ANSWER-1+1 = >2; sum total effect is greater than if
given alone (i.e. lisinopril + HCTZ)
Drug interactions: incompatibility - ANSWER-1+1 does not equal 2; two IV drugs given
together causing decomposition of one or both drugs
8 rights of medication administration - ANSWER-Patient
Medication
Dose
Route
Time
Reason
Response
Documentation
Adverse reactions: pharmacologic - ANSWER-Extension of a drug's normal effect
Adverse reactions: Allergic/hypersensitivity - ANSWER-Exaggerated immune response
(i.e. mild itching to anaphylaxis)
Adverse reactions: idiosyncratic - ANSWER-Peculiar to the patient
Adverse reactions: drug reaction - ANSWER-Most complex, difficult to determine
Teratogenic effects - ANSWER-Causes birth defects
Mutagenic effects - ANSWER-Able to cause changes in genetic tissue
Carcinogen - ANSWER-Substances that can cause cancer
Toxicology - ANSWER-The study of adverse effects of chemicals and their compounds
on living organisms and tissues
