UAFS-Human Physiology EXAM 1 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What is energy? - Correct answers✔✔Energy is the capacity to do work.
What is the difference between chemical work, transport work, and mechanical work? - Correct
answers✔✔1. Chemical work- Making and breaking of chemical bonds.
2. Transport work- Moving ions, molecules, and larger particles useful for creating concentration
gradients.
3. Mechanical work- moving organelles, changing cell shape, beating flagella and cilia, and
contracting muscles.
What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy? - Correct answers✔✔-Kinetic
energy is the energy of motion.
-Potential energy is stored energy
(Stored in concentration gradients and chemical bonds)
What are enzymes? - Correct answers✔✔Enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions.
What is a catalyst? - Correct answers✔✔A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without
being used up.
What are enzymes made of? - Correct answers✔✔Proteins (or RNA)
Why are enzymes importat? - Correct answers✔✔Enzymes help facilitate biochemical reactions
in our bodies.
,What is a reaction rate? - Correct answers✔✔measure of how quickly a chemical reaction takes
place.
How does the amount of substract effect it? - Correct answers✔✔(Directly related) More
substrate makes the reaction rate faster, less substrate makes the reaction rate slower.
How does the amount of enzyme affect it? - Correct answers✔✔(Directly related) The amount of
enzymes can direct the speed. How much is available?
How does temperature affect it? - Correct answers✔✔Enzymes are denature at high temperatures
(Changes the shape, function, and no longer works)
What is pH? - Correct answers✔✔Hydrogen ion concentration of a solution or fluid. "Potential
for hydrogen"
What is the pH scale? (Make sure you know how to read one.) - Correct answers✔✔A scale used
to define the levels of hydrogen or hydroxide ions in a solution or fluid. Ranges from 0 (acidic)
to 14 (base/alkaline) with 7 being neutral.
What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism? - Correct answers✔✔Anabolism-
energy utilizing synthesis
Catabolism- energy-releasing breakdown
What is the difference between internal and external environment? - Correct answers✔✔-Internal
environment affects the bodies chemistry
-External environment does not affect the bodies chemistry
, What is the difference in locations between ECF and ICF? - Correct answers✔✔ECF- watery
internal environment that surrounds the cells
ICF-Fluid within the cells
What are the 2 locations of ECF? - Correct answers✔✔Interstitial fluid and plasma
What is a membrane? (2 kinds) - Correct answers✔✔A thin, semi-permeable barrier that
surrounds and encloses the contents of a cell. (Peripheral and Integral)
What are the 4 common characteristics of a biological membrane? - Correct answers✔✔Physical
isolation, Regulation of exchange with the environment, Communication between the cell and
it's environment, Structural support
What is the difference between secretion and excretion? - Correct answers✔✔Secretion-Cell
releases substrate into extracellular space.
Excretion-Releases outside of the body; wastes.
Explain how homeostasis does not mean equilibrium. - Correct answers✔✔Homeostasis refers to
the entire internal environment, equilibrium is narrowed to specific mechanisms.
Define the following: Osmotic equilibrium - Correct answers✔✔Osmotic equilibrium is where
fluid concentrations are equal on the two sides of the cell membrane: water moves freely
between most cells and the extracellular fluid. Water will continue to move across the membrane
into more highly concentrated compartments until all the concentrations are equal.
Define the following: Chemical disequilibrium - Correct answers✔✔Na+ and Cl- are more
highly concentrated inside the cell. Each ion is in chemical disequilibrium because it is not
evenly distributed between the compartments.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What is energy? - Correct answers✔✔Energy is the capacity to do work.
What is the difference between chemical work, transport work, and mechanical work? - Correct
answers✔✔1. Chemical work- Making and breaking of chemical bonds.
2. Transport work- Moving ions, molecules, and larger particles useful for creating concentration
gradients.
3. Mechanical work- moving organelles, changing cell shape, beating flagella and cilia, and
contracting muscles.
What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy? - Correct answers✔✔-Kinetic
energy is the energy of motion.
-Potential energy is stored energy
(Stored in concentration gradients and chemical bonds)
What are enzymes? - Correct answers✔✔Enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions.
What is a catalyst? - Correct answers✔✔A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without
being used up.
What are enzymes made of? - Correct answers✔✔Proteins (or RNA)
Why are enzymes importat? - Correct answers✔✔Enzymes help facilitate biochemical reactions
in our bodies.
,What is a reaction rate? - Correct answers✔✔measure of how quickly a chemical reaction takes
place.
How does the amount of substract effect it? - Correct answers✔✔(Directly related) More
substrate makes the reaction rate faster, less substrate makes the reaction rate slower.
How does the amount of enzyme affect it? - Correct answers✔✔(Directly related) The amount of
enzymes can direct the speed. How much is available?
How does temperature affect it? - Correct answers✔✔Enzymes are denature at high temperatures
(Changes the shape, function, and no longer works)
What is pH? - Correct answers✔✔Hydrogen ion concentration of a solution or fluid. "Potential
for hydrogen"
What is the pH scale? (Make sure you know how to read one.) - Correct answers✔✔A scale used
to define the levels of hydrogen or hydroxide ions in a solution or fluid. Ranges from 0 (acidic)
to 14 (base/alkaline) with 7 being neutral.
What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism? - Correct answers✔✔Anabolism-
energy utilizing synthesis
Catabolism- energy-releasing breakdown
What is the difference between internal and external environment? - Correct answers✔✔-Internal
environment affects the bodies chemistry
-External environment does not affect the bodies chemistry
, What is the difference in locations between ECF and ICF? - Correct answers✔✔ECF- watery
internal environment that surrounds the cells
ICF-Fluid within the cells
What are the 2 locations of ECF? - Correct answers✔✔Interstitial fluid and plasma
What is a membrane? (2 kinds) - Correct answers✔✔A thin, semi-permeable barrier that
surrounds and encloses the contents of a cell. (Peripheral and Integral)
What are the 4 common characteristics of a biological membrane? - Correct answers✔✔Physical
isolation, Regulation of exchange with the environment, Communication between the cell and
it's environment, Structural support
What is the difference between secretion and excretion? - Correct answers✔✔Secretion-Cell
releases substrate into extracellular space.
Excretion-Releases outside of the body; wastes.
Explain how homeostasis does not mean equilibrium. - Correct answers✔✔Homeostasis refers to
the entire internal environment, equilibrium is narrowed to specific mechanisms.
Define the following: Osmotic equilibrium - Correct answers✔✔Osmotic equilibrium is where
fluid concentrations are equal on the two sides of the cell membrane: water moves freely
between most cells and the extracellular fluid. Water will continue to move across the membrane
into more highly concentrated compartments until all the concentrations are equal.
Define the following: Chemical disequilibrium - Correct answers✔✔Na+ and Cl- are more
highly concentrated inside the cell. Each ion is in chemical disequilibrium because it is not
evenly distributed between the compartments.
