UAFS Physiology Exam 4 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
At a holiday celebration, you ate foods high in salt. Which would you predict? - Correct
answers✔✔Decreased urine volume and increased blood volume
Maintaining osmolarity is important to the body because the membranes of most cell types are
freely permeable to ____. - Correct answers✔✔water
If you held your breath, which would you predict? - Correct answers✔✔Increased plasma carbon
dioxide and then increased hydrogen ion concentration due to shifting of the buffer equation
If a patient had damage to his posterior pituitary that resulted in decreased secretion of
vasopressin, which of the following would you expect? - Correct answers✔✔Increased urine
output and decreased blood volume
At a campus event, you ate a lot of salty treats. Why would osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
shrink, and what would you predict for vasopressin release? - Correct answers✔✔High plasma
osmolarity, increased vasopressin release
A patient had an opioid overdose causing respiratory depression. Which would you expect for
kidney compensation? - Correct answers✔✔Increased hydrogen ion excretion and increased
bicarbonate ion reabsorption
What is the effect of countercurrent multiplier in the loop of Henle? - Correct answers✔✔Water
is reabsorbed in the descending loop of Henle.
Of the three buffering mechanisms in the body, which is the strongest? - Correct
answers✔✔renal system
,The bicarbonate buffer system is one of the chemical buffer systems of the body. How would the
bicarbonate buffer system work if sodium hydroxide were added to a solution? - Correct
answers✔✔A hydrogen on carbonic acid would dissociate and join the hydroxyl group on the
base to form water and sodium bicarbonate.
The respiratory system is one of the three systems that regulate acid-base balance in the body.
How does it work to decrease an acidosis? - Correct answers✔✔Carbonic acid is broken down
into water and CO2; the CO2 is then exhaled.
In a respiratory acidosis the kidney would do which of the following? - Correct answers✔✔The
kidney would reabsorb bicarbonate and secrete hydrogen ions.
Ingesting too much antacid would cause which of the following acid-base disturbances? -
Correct answers✔✔metabolic alkalosis
Vomiting will cause which type of acid-base disturbance? - Correct answers✔✔metabolic
alkalosis
Severe anxiety would cause which type of acid-base disturbance? What would be the
compensation? - Correct answers✔✔respiratory alkalosis; kidneys would excrete HCO3
Why is a high medullary interstitial osmolarity important to renal function? - Correct
answers✔✔It allows reabsorption of water.
Dehydration leads to __________ blood volume, __________ blood pressure, and __________
osmolarity. - Correct answers✔✔decreased; decreased; increased
, Aldosterone secretion increases in response to __________ and causes __________. - Correct
answers✔✔increased angiotensin II; sodium reabsorption
Which of the following is a similarity between respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis? -
Correct answers✔✔Changes in pH are the result of changes in the amount of carbon dioxide in
the body.
What is the site and mechanism of the early response phase of aldosterone action? - Correct
answers✔✔Increased Na+/K+-ATPase activity in P cells of the distal nephron epithelium
At a campus event, you ate a lot of salty treats. Which would you expect? - Correct
answers✔✔Vasopressin secretion and thirst
Starvation would cause which of the following acid-base conditions? Also, determine what type
of compensation (metabolic or respiratory) there would be. - Correct answers✔✔metabolic
acidosis with respiratory compensation
A patient is admitted to the hospital with the following plasma values: pH = 7.2, pCO2 = 55
mmHg, and HCO3 −− = 30 mEq/L. What is the acid base imbalance? - Correct
answers✔✔respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
A patient is admitted to the hospital with the following plasma values: pH = 7.5, pCO2 = 45
mmHg, and HCO3 −− = 30 mEq/L. What is the acid-base imbalance? - Correct
answers✔✔metabolic alkalosis with no compensation
A patient is admitted to the hospital with the following plasma values: pH = 7.2, pCO2 = 25
mmHg, and HCO3 −− = 18 mEq/L. What is the acid base imbalance? - Correct
answers✔✔metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
At a holiday celebration, you ate foods high in salt. Which would you predict? - Correct
answers✔✔Decreased urine volume and increased blood volume
Maintaining osmolarity is important to the body because the membranes of most cell types are
freely permeable to ____. - Correct answers✔✔water
If you held your breath, which would you predict? - Correct answers✔✔Increased plasma carbon
dioxide and then increased hydrogen ion concentration due to shifting of the buffer equation
If a patient had damage to his posterior pituitary that resulted in decreased secretion of
vasopressin, which of the following would you expect? - Correct answers✔✔Increased urine
output and decreased blood volume
At a campus event, you ate a lot of salty treats. Why would osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
shrink, and what would you predict for vasopressin release? - Correct answers✔✔High plasma
osmolarity, increased vasopressin release
A patient had an opioid overdose causing respiratory depression. Which would you expect for
kidney compensation? - Correct answers✔✔Increased hydrogen ion excretion and increased
bicarbonate ion reabsorption
What is the effect of countercurrent multiplier in the loop of Henle? - Correct answers✔✔Water
is reabsorbed in the descending loop of Henle.
Of the three buffering mechanisms in the body, which is the strongest? - Correct
answers✔✔renal system
,The bicarbonate buffer system is one of the chemical buffer systems of the body. How would the
bicarbonate buffer system work if sodium hydroxide were added to a solution? - Correct
answers✔✔A hydrogen on carbonic acid would dissociate and join the hydroxyl group on the
base to form water and sodium bicarbonate.
The respiratory system is one of the three systems that regulate acid-base balance in the body.
How does it work to decrease an acidosis? - Correct answers✔✔Carbonic acid is broken down
into water and CO2; the CO2 is then exhaled.
In a respiratory acidosis the kidney would do which of the following? - Correct answers✔✔The
kidney would reabsorb bicarbonate and secrete hydrogen ions.
Ingesting too much antacid would cause which of the following acid-base disturbances? -
Correct answers✔✔metabolic alkalosis
Vomiting will cause which type of acid-base disturbance? - Correct answers✔✔metabolic
alkalosis
Severe anxiety would cause which type of acid-base disturbance? What would be the
compensation? - Correct answers✔✔respiratory alkalosis; kidneys would excrete HCO3
Why is a high medullary interstitial osmolarity important to renal function? - Correct
answers✔✔It allows reabsorption of water.
Dehydration leads to __________ blood volume, __________ blood pressure, and __________
osmolarity. - Correct answers✔✔decreased; decreased; increased
, Aldosterone secretion increases in response to __________ and causes __________. - Correct
answers✔✔increased angiotensin II; sodium reabsorption
Which of the following is a similarity between respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis? -
Correct answers✔✔Changes in pH are the result of changes in the amount of carbon dioxide in
the body.
What is the site and mechanism of the early response phase of aldosterone action? - Correct
answers✔✔Increased Na+/K+-ATPase activity in P cells of the distal nephron epithelium
At a campus event, you ate a lot of salty treats. Which would you expect? - Correct
answers✔✔Vasopressin secretion and thirst
Starvation would cause which of the following acid-base conditions? Also, determine what type
of compensation (metabolic or respiratory) there would be. - Correct answers✔✔metabolic
acidosis with respiratory compensation
A patient is admitted to the hospital with the following plasma values: pH = 7.2, pCO2 = 55
mmHg, and HCO3 −− = 30 mEq/L. What is the acid base imbalance? - Correct
answers✔✔respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
A patient is admitted to the hospital with the following plasma values: pH = 7.5, pCO2 = 45
mmHg, and HCO3 −− = 30 mEq/L. What is the acid-base imbalance? - Correct
answers✔✔metabolic alkalosis with no compensation
A patient is admitted to the hospital with the following plasma values: pH = 7.2, pCO2 = 25
mmHg, and HCO3 −− = 18 mEq/L. What is the acid base imbalance? - Correct
answers✔✔metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
