PATH 1000 - Midterm 2 - Unit (4-7) - not done
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i1g17s
1. Pain: "unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described
in terms of such damage"
2. Pain perception: conscious awareness of a painful sensation
3. Pain tolerance: the duration of time or the intensity of pain an individual will endure before displaying
noticeable pain responses (maximum amount of pain)
4. Pain threshold: minimum point at which something, such as pressure or heat, causes you pain.
5. Nociceptive pain: caused by tissue injury, well-localized and often described as aching or throbbing
6. Pain tolerance decreased: repeated exposure, also decreased by fatigue, anger, boredom, apprehen-
sion and sleep deprivation
7. Pain tolerance increased by: alcohol consumption, persistent use of analgesia, hypnosis, warmth,
distraction and strong beliefs or faith
8. Neuromodulation: physiologic process to facilitate or suppress pain
9. Acute pain: a protective mechanism (its function is to alert the person to a condition or experience that is
harmful)
10. Chronic pain: pain that has been present for at least 3 months or longer than the time expected tissue healing
11. Acute somatic pain: arises from connective tissue, muscle, bone, & tissue
12. Acute Visceral pain: pain arises from the internal organs & lining of body cavities. Pain is poorly localized
as a result of the fewer number of nociceptors
13. Depression: common for chronic pain
, PATH 1000 - Midterm 2 - Unit (4-7) - not done
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i1g17s
14. Specific or nonspecific back pain: many individuals of all ages have chronic back pain
15. Myofascial pain syndrome: injury to the muscle & fascia & tendons has occurred (ex. spasm, tender-
ness, stiffness)
16. Chronic postoperative pain: changes in the PNS & CNS contribute to allodynia & hypersensitivity
17. Cancer pain: pain results from the treatment for cancer or from the cancer itself.
18. Phantom limb chronic pain: pain is felt in an amputated limb after the stump has completely healed
19. Neuralgia: chronic nerve pain
20. Peripheral neuropathic pain: injured nerves become hyperexcitable
21. Central neuropathic pain: is caused by a lesion or dysfunction in the brain or spinal cord
22. Temperature regulation: achieved by balancing (heat production, heat conservation, and heat loss)
23. Hypothalamic Control: peripheral thermoreceptors in the skin
24. Hypothalamus: receives information
25. Heat production: chemical reactions of metabolism, skeletal contraction, and chemical thermogenesis
26. Mechanisms of Heat loss: radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation, increased respiration, va-
sodilation, decreased muscle tone, voluntary measure, adaptation to warm environment
27. Convection: when a stream of air (wind) is cooler than body surface temp
28. Aging and temp: decreased vasoconstrictor response, decreased or absent sweating, dyschronization or
circadian rhythm, under nutrition, decreased perception of heat and cold
, PATH 1000 - Midterm 2 - Unit (4-7) - not done
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i1g17s
29. Fever: "a temporary resetting of the hypothalamic thermostat to a higher level in response to endogenous or
exogenous pyrogens"
30. Benefits of fever: helps the response to infectious processes, it helps kill microorganisms, adversely affects
the growth & replication of other microorganisms, decrease serum levels or iron, zinc, & copper
31. Heat cramps: severe spasmodic cramps in the abdomen & extremities that occur after prolonged sweating
resulting in sodium lost (fever, tachycardia & increased bp often occur)
32. Heat exhaustion: leading to profound vasodilation & sweating --> leads to dehydration (feel weak, dizzy,
nauseated, & faint)
33. Heat stroke: the potentially lethal, the cardiovascular & thermoregulatory centers eventually stop functioning
properly
34. Hypothermia: (<35C°) caused by prolonged exposure to cold, leads to vasoconstriction, changes in micro-
circulation, coagulation & ischemic tissue damage
35. Sleep: a condition of body and mind such as that which typically recurs for several hours every night, in which
the nervous system is relatively inactive, the eyes closed, the postural muscles relaxed, and consciousness practically
suspended.
36. Why do we need to sleep?: recovery
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i1g17s
1. Pain: "unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described
in terms of such damage"
2. Pain perception: conscious awareness of a painful sensation
3. Pain tolerance: the duration of time or the intensity of pain an individual will endure before displaying
noticeable pain responses (maximum amount of pain)
4. Pain threshold: minimum point at which something, such as pressure or heat, causes you pain.
5. Nociceptive pain: caused by tissue injury, well-localized and often described as aching or throbbing
6. Pain tolerance decreased: repeated exposure, also decreased by fatigue, anger, boredom, apprehen-
sion and sleep deprivation
7. Pain tolerance increased by: alcohol consumption, persistent use of analgesia, hypnosis, warmth,
distraction and strong beliefs or faith
8. Neuromodulation: physiologic process to facilitate or suppress pain
9. Acute pain: a protective mechanism (its function is to alert the person to a condition or experience that is
harmful)
10. Chronic pain: pain that has been present for at least 3 months or longer than the time expected tissue healing
11. Acute somatic pain: arises from connective tissue, muscle, bone, & tissue
12. Acute Visceral pain: pain arises from the internal organs & lining of body cavities. Pain is poorly localized
as a result of the fewer number of nociceptors
13. Depression: common for chronic pain
, PATH 1000 - Midterm 2 - Unit (4-7) - not done
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i1g17s
14. Specific or nonspecific back pain: many individuals of all ages have chronic back pain
15. Myofascial pain syndrome: injury to the muscle & fascia & tendons has occurred (ex. spasm, tender-
ness, stiffness)
16. Chronic postoperative pain: changes in the PNS & CNS contribute to allodynia & hypersensitivity
17. Cancer pain: pain results from the treatment for cancer or from the cancer itself.
18. Phantom limb chronic pain: pain is felt in an amputated limb after the stump has completely healed
19. Neuralgia: chronic nerve pain
20. Peripheral neuropathic pain: injured nerves become hyperexcitable
21. Central neuropathic pain: is caused by a lesion or dysfunction in the brain or spinal cord
22. Temperature regulation: achieved by balancing (heat production, heat conservation, and heat loss)
23. Hypothalamic Control: peripheral thermoreceptors in the skin
24. Hypothalamus: receives information
25. Heat production: chemical reactions of metabolism, skeletal contraction, and chemical thermogenesis
26. Mechanisms of Heat loss: radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation, increased respiration, va-
sodilation, decreased muscle tone, voluntary measure, adaptation to warm environment
27. Convection: when a stream of air (wind) is cooler than body surface temp
28. Aging and temp: decreased vasoconstrictor response, decreased or absent sweating, dyschronization or
circadian rhythm, under nutrition, decreased perception of heat and cold
, PATH 1000 - Midterm 2 - Unit (4-7) - not done
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i1g17s
29. Fever: "a temporary resetting of the hypothalamic thermostat to a higher level in response to endogenous or
exogenous pyrogens"
30. Benefits of fever: helps the response to infectious processes, it helps kill microorganisms, adversely affects
the growth & replication of other microorganisms, decrease serum levels or iron, zinc, & copper
31. Heat cramps: severe spasmodic cramps in the abdomen & extremities that occur after prolonged sweating
resulting in sodium lost (fever, tachycardia & increased bp often occur)
32. Heat exhaustion: leading to profound vasodilation & sweating --> leads to dehydration (feel weak, dizzy,
nauseated, & faint)
33. Heat stroke: the potentially lethal, the cardiovascular & thermoregulatory centers eventually stop functioning
properly
34. Hypothermia: (<35C°) caused by prolonged exposure to cold, leads to vasoconstriction, changes in micro-
circulation, coagulation & ischemic tissue damage
35. Sleep: a condition of body and mind such as that which typically recurs for several hours every night, in which
the nervous system is relatively inactive, the eyes closed, the postural muscles relaxed, and consciousness practically
suspended.
36. Why do we need to sleep?: recovery
