3140 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(GRADED A+)
Hysteria - ANSWERsymptom pattern characterized by excitability and physical
symptoms (convulsions, loss of vision, paralysis) in the absence of any psychological
cause
Primary gain - ANSWERavoidance of conflict presenting as physical symptoms
Secondary gain - ANSWERhysterical symptoms which helps patient avoid
responsibility and gain attention and sympathy
Dissociative disorders - ANSWERsevere maladaptive disruptions or alterations of
identity, memory, and consciousness that are experienced as being beyond one's
control.
Main feature of dissociative disorders - ANSWERDisassociation
Dissociation - ANSWERthe lack of normal integration of one or more aspects of
psychological functioning, such as identity, memory, consciousness, emotion,
sensorimotor functioning, and behaviour
2 groups of dissociative experiences, GROUP 1 - ANSWERmild, non-pathological
forms of dissociation, such as absorption and imaginative involvement, that are
normally distributed on a continuum across the general population
2 groups of dissociative experiences, GROUP 2 - ANSWERmore severe,
pathological types of experiences, such as amnesia, derealization,
depersonalization, and identity alteration, that do not normally occur in the general
population and that form a discrete category.
Taxon - ANSWERdiscreet category
3 major dissociative disorders in the DSM-5 - ANSWERdissociative amnesia
(includes dissociative fugue),DPDR disorder, and DID.
Dissociative amnesia - ANSWERInability to recall important personal information.
Includes dissociative fugue
dissociative fugue - ANSWERrare condition in
which individuals unexpectedly leave home and
may turn up in a distant city with no memory of
their past
Dissociative identity disorder - ANSWERPresence of two or more personality states
,Depersonalization/derealization disorder - ANSWERFeeling of being detached from
oneself and
one's physical and social environment.
persistent or recurrent
experiences of depersonalization and/or derealization.
false memory
syndrome - ANSWERproposed condition in
which people are induced by therapists to remember events that
never occurred (Loftus)
other specified dissociative disorder - ANSWERclinically significant symptoms that
do not
meet diagnostic criteria for any of the above disorders
identity disturbance
due to prolonged and intense coercive persuasion - ANSWERpresentation of other
specified dissociative disorder
unspecified dissociative disorder - ANSWERinsufficient information
to specify why syndromes do not meet diagnostic criteria for
any of the major dissociative disorders
Johnson and colleagues (2006) - ANSWERto determine the
prevalence of dissociative disorders in the general population
o conducted structured clinical interviews with a representative sample of 658 adults
from New York State.
o 9.1 percent of these individuals could be diagnosed with dissociative disorders
o 0.8 percent with depersonalization/derealization disorder
o 1.8 percent with dissociative amnesia
o 1.5 percent with dissociative identity disorder
o 5.5 percent with dissociative disorder not otherwise specified
5 patterns of memory loss characteristic of Dissociative amnesia - ANSWER1)
localized amnesia
2) selective amnesia
3) generalized amnesia
4) continuous amnesia
5)systematized amneisa
Localized amnesia - ANSWERfails to recall information from a very specific time
period
Selective amnesia - ANSWERonly parts of the trauma are forgotten while other parts
are remembered
Generalized amnesia - ANSWERperson forgets all personal information from his or
her past
, Continuous amnesia - ANSWERforgets information from a specific date until the
present
Systematized amnesia - ANSWERforgets certain categories of information such as
people or places
Dissociative fugue - ANSWERdisorder in which one travels away from home and is
unable to remember details of his past, including often his identity
Depersonalization - ANSWERcondition in which individuals have
a distinct sense of unreality and detachment from their
own thoughts, feelings, sensations, actions, or body
Derealization - ANSWERfeelings of unreality and detachment with respect
to one's surroundings rather than the self
alters - ANSWERFractured personalities with different memories,
personal histories, and mannerisms of someone with DID.
switching - ANSWERchanging from one personality to
another (DID)
DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER -
ANSWERA. Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality
states, which may be described in some cultures as an experience
of possession. The disruption in identity involves marked discontinuity in sense of
self and sense of agency, accompanied by
related alterations in affect, behaviour, consciousness, memory, perception,
cognition, and/or sensory-motor functioning. These signs
and symptoms may be observed by others or reported by the individual.
B. Recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, important personal information,
and/or traumatic events that are inconsistent with
ordinary forgetting.
C. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social,
occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
D. The disturbance is not a normal part of a broadly accepted cultural or religious
practice. Note: in children, the symptoms are not better
explained by imaginary playmates or other fantasy play.
E. The symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance
(e.g., blackouts or chaotic behaviour during alcohol
intoxication) or another medical condition (e.g., complex partial seizures).
trauma model - ANSWERa diathesis-stress formulation of DID; dissociative
disorders are a result of severe childhood trauma, including
sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, accompanied by
personality traits that predispose the individual to employ
dissociation as a defence mechanism or coping strategy.
socio-cognitive
ANSWERS(GRADED A+)
Hysteria - ANSWERsymptom pattern characterized by excitability and physical
symptoms (convulsions, loss of vision, paralysis) in the absence of any psychological
cause
Primary gain - ANSWERavoidance of conflict presenting as physical symptoms
Secondary gain - ANSWERhysterical symptoms which helps patient avoid
responsibility and gain attention and sympathy
Dissociative disorders - ANSWERsevere maladaptive disruptions or alterations of
identity, memory, and consciousness that are experienced as being beyond one's
control.
Main feature of dissociative disorders - ANSWERDisassociation
Dissociation - ANSWERthe lack of normal integration of one or more aspects of
psychological functioning, such as identity, memory, consciousness, emotion,
sensorimotor functioning, and behaviour
2 groups of dissociative experiences, GROUP 1 - ANSWERmild, non-pathological
forms of dissociation, such as absorption and imaginative involvement, that are
normally distributed on a continuum across the general population
2 groups of dissociative experiences, GROUP 2 - ANSWERmore severe,
pathological types of experiences, such as amnesia, derealization,
depersonalization, and identity alteration, that do not normally occur in the general
population and that form a discrete category.
Taxon - ANSWERdiscreet category
3 major dissociative disorders in the DSM-5 - ANSWERdissociative amnesia
(includes dissociative fugue),DPDR disorder, and DID.
Dissociative amnesia - ANSWERInability to recall important personal information.
Includes dissociative fugue
dissociative fugue - ANSWERrare condition in
which individuals unexpectedly leave home and
may turn up in a distant city with no memory of
their past
Dissociative identity disorder - ANSWERPresence of two or more personality states
,Depersonalization/derealization disorder - ANSWERFeeling of being detached from
oneself and
one's physical and social environment.
persistent or recurrent
experiences of depersonalization and/or derealization.
false memory
syndrome - ANSWERproposed condition in
which people are induced by therapists to remember events that
never occurred (Loftus)
other specified dissociative disorder - ANSWERclinically significant symptoms that
do not
meet diagnostic criteria for any of the above disorders
identity disturbance
due to prolonged and intense coercive persuasion - ANSWERpresentation of other
specified dissociative disorder
unspecified dissociative disorder - ANSWERinsufficient information
to specify why syndromes do not meet diagnostic criteria for
any of the major dissociative disorders
Johnson and colleagues (2006) - ANSWERto determine the
prevalence of dissociative disorders in the general population
o conducted structured clinical interviews with a representative sample of 658 adults
from New York State.
o 9.1 percent of these individuals could be diagnosed with dissociative disorders
o 0.8 percent with depersonalization/derealization disorder
o 1.8 percent with dissociative amnesia
o 1.5 percent with dissociative identity disorder
o 5.5 percent with dissociative disorder not otherwise specified
5 patterns of memory loss characteristic of Dissociative amnesia - ANSWER1)
localized amnesia
2) selective amnesia
3) generalized amnesia
4) continuous amnesia
5)systematized amneisa
Localized amnesia - ANSWERfails to recall information from a very specific time
period
Selective amnesia - ANSWERonly parts of the trauma are forgotten while other parts
are remembered
Generalized amnesia - ANSWERperson forgets all personal information from his or
her past
, Continuous amnesia - ANSWERforgets information from a specific date until the
present
Systematized amnesia - ANSWERforgets certain categories of information such as
people or places
Dissociative fugue - ANSWERdisorder in which one travels away from home and is
unable to remember details of his past, including often his identity
Depersonalization - ANSWERcondition in which individuals have
a distinct sense of unreality and detachment from their
own thoughts, feelings, sensations, actions, or body
Derealization - ANSWERfeelings of unreality and detachment with respect
to one's surroundings rather than the self
alters - ANSWERFractured personalities with different memories,
personal histories, and mannerisms of someone with DID.
switching - ANSWERchanging from one personality to
another (DID)
DSM-5 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER -
ANSWERA. Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality
states, which may be described in some cultures as an experience
of possession. The disruption in identity involves marked discontinuity in sense of
self and sense of agency, accompanied by
related alterations in affect, behaviour, consciousness, memory, perception,
cognition, and/or sensory-motor functioning. These signs
and symptoms may be observed by others or reported by the individual.
B. Recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, important personal information,
and/or traumatic events that are inconsistent with
ordinary forgetting.
C. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social,
occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
D. The disturbance is not a normal part of a broadly accepted cultural or religious
practice. Note: in children, the symptoms are not better
explained by imaginary playmates or other fantasy play.
E. The symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance
(e.g., blackouts or chaotic behaviour during alcohol
intoxication) or another medical condition (e.g., complex partial seizures).
trauma model - ANSWERa diathesis-stress formulation of DID; dissociative
disorders are a result of severe childhood trauma, including
sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, accompanied by
personality traits that predispose the individual to employ
dissociation as a defence mechanism or coping strategy.
socio-cognitive
