1
ICVA NAVLE Exam 1 Questions with
100% Correct Answers
Fifteen of a group of 200, 7 month old feedlot calves are lame. The calves
arrived at the feedlot approximately one month ago, and one week later, 40 of
the animals developed pneumonia. These calves were treated with
oxytetracycline, and the pneumonia appeared to resolve. On physical
examination, the affect calves have swellings in the carpi, tarsi, and stifles with
distension of associated tendon sheaths, and stiff gait. Two calves are
euthanized. Postmortem eamination shows fibrinous pleuritis and papillary
muscle necrosis. Which of the following organisms is the most likely cuase of
these signs?
a) arcanobacterium (actinomyces) pyogenes
b) histophilus somni
c ) mannheimia hemolytica
d) pasteurella multocida
e) salmonella thyphimurium Correct Answer: B) histophilus somni
Histophilus somni is a well known cause of systemic disease in feedlot cattle,
including respiratory disease, speticemia, and polyarthritis. In this case, the
calves initially developed pneumonia, and now soe of them show signs of
:
vPretest - Stuvia US
,2
lameness, joint swelling, and stiff gait, which are consistent with septic arthritis,
and polyarthritis that can occur after a histophilus somni infection
- additionally the post mortem finding of fibrinous pleuritis and papillary muscle
necrosis also strongly suggest histophilus soni as the causative agent.
-Known to cause arthritis, pleuritis, myocarditis, and septicemia in calves
What is hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in a horse Correct Answer: -a genetic
disorder that affects muscles causing episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis.
-It is autosomal dominant
What is the cause of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis Correct Answer: THe
disorder is caused by a mutation in the sodium channel gene, leading to
increased potassium levels in the blood. This affects the electrical activity of
muscle cells, causing the muscles to contract abnormally
What are symptoms of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses Correct Answer:
-muscle twitching or trembling
-weakness or partial paralysis especially in hindquarters
-episodes of muscle stiffness
-respiratory issues in severe cases
-horse remains alert
what are triggers of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis Correct Answer: -high
potassium intake from feed such as alfalfa, molasses or certain grains
:
vPretest - Stuvia US
,3
-stress, exercise or fasting
how would you manage hyperkalemic periodic paralysis Correct Answer: -
dietary modification like feeding low potassium diets and aoiding alfala and
monitor potassium intake
-medicate with acetazolamide and hydrochlorothiazide
-consistent exercise and minimize stress
A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation. Physical
examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and muscle
fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank. During examination, the mare's
hindlimbs give way, and she leans back in a dog-sitting posture. Rectal
temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C), heart rate is 60 beats/min, and
respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Equine degenerative myeloneuropathy
B) Equine motor neuron disease
C) Exertional rhabdomyolysis
D) Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
E) Tetanus Correct Answer: D) hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
:
vPretest - Stuvia US
, 4
HYPP leads to episodes of periodic muscle weakness or paralysis.
-Prolapse of the nictitating membrane is characteristic of HYPP due to muscle
weakness in the face
-Weakness and collapse suggest muscle paralysis or severe weakness, dog
sitting posture strongly supports this
A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation. Physical
examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and muscle
fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank. During examination, the mare's
hindlimbs give way, and she leans back in a dog-sitting posture. Rectal
temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C), heart rate is 60 beats/min, and
respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min.
This is a case of HYPP, why would Equine Degenerative Myeloneuropathy be
incorrect Correct Answer: EDM is a neurodegenerative disease that causes
progresse ataxia ( incoordination) and weakness in young horses, particularly
those deficient in vitamin E.
Although it causes weakness, EDM is more associated with ataxia (
uncoordinated movement) rather than acute muscle fasciculations or prolapse
of the nictitating membrane. It is a chronic, progressive condition, unlike the
episodic nature of HYPP
A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation. Physical
examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and muscle
:
vPretest - Stuvia US
ICVA NAVLE Exam 1 Questions with
100% Correct Answers
Fifteen of a group of 200, 7 month old feedlot calves are lame. The calves
arrived at the feedlot approximately one month ago, and one week later, 40 of
the animals developed pneumonia. These calves were treated with
oxytetracycline, and the pneumonia appeared to resolve. On physical
examination, the affect calves have swellings in the carpi, tarsi, and stifles with
distension of associated tendon sheaths, and stiff gait. Two calves are
euthanized. Postmortem eamination shows fibrinous pleuritis and papillary
muscle necrosis. Which of the following organisms is the most likely cuase of
these signs?
a) arcanobacterium (actinomyces) pyogenes
b) histophilus somni
c ) mannheimia hemolytica
d) pasteurella multocida
e) salmonella thyphimurium Correct Answer: B) histophilus somni
Histophilus somni is a well known cause of systemic disease in feedlot cattle,
including respiratory disease, speticemia, and polyarthritis. In this case, the
calves initially developed pneumonia, and now soe of them show signs of
:
vPretest - Stuvia US
,2
lameness, joint swelling, and stiff gait, which are consistent with septic arthritis,
and polyarthritis that can occur after a histophilus somni infection
- additionally the post mortem finding of fibrinous pleuritis and papillary muscle
necrosis also strongly suggest histophilus soni as the causative agent.
-Known to cause arthritis, pleuritis, myocarditis, and septicemia in calves
What is hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in a horse Correct Answer: -a genetic
disorder that affects muscles causing episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis.
-It is autosomal dominant
What is the cause of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis Correct Answer: THe
disorder is caused by a mutation in the sodium channel gene, leading to
increased potassium levels in the blood. This affects the electrical activity of
muscle cells, causing the muscles to contract abnormally
What are symptoms of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses Correct Answer:
-muscle twitching or trembling
-weakness or partial paralysis especially in hindquarters
-episodes of muscle stiffness
-respiratory issues in severe cases
-horse remains alert
what are triggers of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis Correct Answer: -high
potassium intake from feed such as alfalfa, molasses or certain grains
:
vPretest - Stuvia US
,3
-stress, exercise or fasting
how would you manage hyperkalemic periodic paralysis Correct Answer: -
dietary modification like feeding low potassium diets and aoiding alfala and
monitor potassium intake
-medicate with acetazolamide and hydrochlorothiazide
-consistent exercise and minimize stress
A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation. Physical
examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and muscle
fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank. During examination, the mare's
hindlimbs give way, and she leans back in a dog-sitting posture. Rectal
temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C), heart rate is 60 beats/min, and
respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Equine degenerative myeloneuropathy
B) Equine motor neuron disease
C) Exertional rhabdomyolysis
D) Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
E) Tetanus Correct Answer: D) hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
:
vPretest - Stuvia US
, 4
HYPP leads to episodes of periodic muscle weakness or paralysis.
-Prolapse of the nictitating membrane is characteristic of HYPP due to muscle
weakness in the face
-Weakness and collapse suggest muscle paralysis or severe weakness, dog
sitting posture strongly supports this
A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation. Physical
examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and muscle
fasciculations of the neck, shoulders, and flank. During examination, the mare's
hindlimbs give way, and she leans back in a dog-sitting posture. Rectal
temperature is 100.4 degrees F (38.0 degrees C), heart rate is 60 beats/min, and
respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min.
This is a case of HYPP, why would Equine Degenerative Myeloneuropathy be
incorrect Correct Answer: EDM is a neurodegenerative disease that causes
progresse ataxia ( incoordination) and weakness in young horses, particularly
those deficient in vitamin E.
Although it causes weakness, EDM is more associated with ataxia (
uncoordinated movement) rather than acute muscle fasciculations or prolapse
of the nictitating membrane. It is a chronic, progressive condition, unlike the
episodic nature of HYPP
A 3-year old Percheron mare is undergoing routine dental evaluation. Physical
examination shows bilateral prolapse of the nictitating membrane and muscle
:
vPretest - Stuvia US
