Introduction to the Endocrine System
Exam Questions and Answers (Most
Recent Version, Complete Study
How is the endocrine system different than other systems? - CORRECT ANSWERS the glands
and organs are not connected to one another
Releasing ligands and hormones into the bloodstream, makes the signaling process... - CORRECT
ANSWERS slower
What are some examples of oral conditions that could relate back to an altered endocrine system? -
CORRECT ANSWERS - delayed wound healing
- delayed eruption
- xerostomia
- pigmentation
- periodontal disease risk
- caries risk
Glands of the endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWERS - hypothalamus
- pituitary gland
- parathyroid glands
- thyroid gland
- adrenal glands
- pancreas
- kidneys
- testes
,- ovaries
Endocrine cells release hormones into the _________ which can only bind to a specific target cell -
CORRECT ANSWERS blood
An endocrine cell synthesizes its __________ and releases it out into the __________ - CORRECT
ANSWERS hormone ; blood stream
About _____% of the hormone is freely dissolved in the circulation and about _____% is bound up to a
carrier protein to circulate throughout the body - CORRECT ANSWERS 10% ; 90%
The target cell has __________ for the specific hormone - CORRECT ANSWERS specificity
Hormone signaling is regulated by... - CORRECT ANSWERS the number of receptors present
If we have a high concentration of hormones and a high number of receptors there will be... - CORRECT
ANSWERS high level of signaling
If we have a high concentration of hormones and a low number of receptors... - CORRECT ANSWERS
the receptor will be bound to very quickly so there would be less signaling
Up-regulation - CORRECT ANSWERS target cells form more receptors in response to the
hormone
Down-regulation - CORRECT ANSWERS target cells lose receptors in response to the hormone
In the presence of insulin, _________ vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, and Glut4 allows
_________ to enter the cell - CORRECT ANSWERS Glut4 ; glucose
, How does hormonal secretion get started? - CORRECT ANSWERS stimulus
What is the pathway of hormonal secretion after eating a meal? - CORRECT ANSWERS eat a
meal --> stretch receptor in digestive tract --> CNS sends out signal to pancreas --> pancreas releases
insulin (released in response to high blood sugar) --> insulin binds and instruct glucose uptake into cell --
> glucose levels go back to homeostasis because it has been pulled out of the blood
Negative feedback - CORRECT ANSWERS hypothalamus releases hormone to pituitary -->
pituitary releases hormone to endocrine gland --> endocrine gland releases hormone onto target tissue -
-> target tissue feeds back to the brain telling it to stop
Short loops - CORRECT ANSWERS feedback of a pituitary hormone on the hypothalamus
Positive feedback - CORRECT ANSWERS hypothalamus releases hormone to pituitary -->
pituitary releases hormone to endocrine gland --> endocrine gland releases hormone onto target tissue -
-> target tissue feeds back to the brain telling it to keep going
Where are neural crest cells derived from? - CORRECT ANSWERS ectoderm
What structures are derived from the ectoderm? - CORRECT ANSWERS - adrenal medulla
(inner layer)
- pituitary gland (oral and neuro ecto)
- hypothalamus and pineal gland
What structures are derived from the mesoderm? - CORRECT ANSWERS - adrenal cortex (outer
layer)
- gonads/reproductive (intermediate mesoderm)
- kidney (intermediate mesoderm)
Exam Questions and Answers (Most
Recent Version, Complete Study
How is the endocrine system different than other systems? - CORRECT ANSWERS the glands
and organs are not connected to one another
Releasing ligands and hormones into the bloodstream, makes the signaling process... - CORRECT
ANSWERS slower
What are some examples of oral conditions that could relate back to an altered endocrine system? -
CORRECT ANSWERS - delayed wound healing
- delayed eruption
- xerostomia
- pigmentation
- periodontal disease risk
- caries risk
Glands of the endocrine system - CORRECT ANSWERS - hypothalamus
- pituitary gland
- parathyroid glands
- thyroid gland
- adrenal glands
- pancreas
- kidneys
- testes
,- ovaries
Endocrine cells release hormones into the _________ which can only bind to a specific target cell -
CORRECT ANSWERS blood
An endocrine cell synthesizes its __________ and releases it out into the __________ - CORRECT
ANSWERS hormone ; blood stream
About _____% of the hormone is freely dissolved in the circulation and about _____% is bound up to a
carrier protein to circulate throughout the body - CORRECT ANSWERS 10% ; 90%
The target cell has __________ for the specific hormone - CORRECT ANSWERS specificity
Hormone signaling is regulated by... - CORRECT ANSWERS the number of receptors present
If we have a high concentration of hormones and a high number of receptors there will be... - CORRECT
ANSWERS high level of signaling
If we have a high concentration of hormones and a low number of receptors... - CORRECT ANSWERS
the receptor will be bound to very quickly so there would be less signaling
Up-regulation - CORRECT ANSWERS target cells form more receptors in response to the
hormone
Down-regulation - CORRECT ANSWERS target cells lose receptors in response to the hormone
In the presence of insulin, _________ vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, and Glut4 allows
_________ to enter the cell - CORRECT ANSWERS Glut4 ; glucose
, How does hormonal secretion get started? - CORRECT ANSWERS stimulus
What is the pathway of hormonal secretion after eating a meal? - CORRECT ANSWERS eat a
meal --> stretch receptor in digestive tract --> CNS sends out signal to pancreas --> pancreas releases
insulin (released in response to high blood sugar) --> insulin binds and instruct glucose uptake into cell --
> glucose levels go back to homeostasis because it has been pulled out of the blood
Negative feedback - CORRECT ANSWERS hypothalamus releases hormone to pituitary -->
pituitary releases hormone to endocrine gland --> endocrine gland releases hormone onto target tissue -
-> target tissue feeds back to the brain telling it to stop
Short loops - CORRECT ANSWERS feedback of a pituitary hormone on the hypothalamus
Positive feedback - CORRECT ANSWERS hypothalamus releases hormone to pituitary -->
pituitary releases hormone to endocrine gland --> endocrine gland releases hormone onto target tissue -
-> target tissue feeds back to the brain telling it to keep going
Where are neural crest cells derived from? - CORRECT ANSWERS ectoderm
What structures are derived from the ectoderm? - CORRECT ANSWERS - adrenal medulla
(inner layer)
- pituitary gland (oral and neuro ecto)
- hypothalamus and pineal gland
What structures are derived from the mesoderm? - CORRECT ANSWERS - adrenal cortex (outer
layer)
- gonads/reproductive (intermediate mesoderm)
- kidney (intermediate mesoderm)
