NURS 231 PORTAGE LEARNING
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 1
– MODULE 10 TEST BANK AND
FINAL EXAM
,Pathophysiology is defined as not only What is the definition of "pathophysiology"?
the cellular and organ changes that occur
with disease, but also the effects that
these changes have on total body
function.
Biologic agents (bacteria, viruses), Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example if listed.
physical forces (trauma, burns, radiation),
chemical agents (poisons, alcohol), one’s
genetic inheritance, and nutritional
excesses or deficiencies.
Risk factors can be categorized as What are the 2 types of risk factors?
congenital conditions (present at birth) or
acquired defects (occurring after birth).
Morphology is defined as the What is the difference between morphology and histology?
fundamental structure or form of cells or
tissues. Histology is the study of the cells
and extracellular matrix of body tissues.
A symptom is a subjective complaint, for Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and give an example of each.
example pain, trouble breathing, or
dizziness. A sign is an objective
manifestation, for example an elevated
temperature, a swollen extremity, or
changes in pupil size.
The diagnostic process requires a careful What are 3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis?
history, physical examination (PE), and
sometimes diagnostic tests.
, Validity is how a tool measures what it is Explain validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity.
intended to measure. Reliability is how
likely the same result will occur if
repeated. Sensitivity is the proportion of
people with a disease who are positive for
that disease. Specificity are people
without the disease who are negative on a
given test.
Epidemiology is the study of disease Define epidemiology and name some things that it tracks.
occurrence in human populations. It
tracks age, race, dietary habits, lifestyle,
or geographic location.
Incidence is the number of new cases in a What is the difference between incidence and prevalence?
population at risk during a specified time.
Prevalence is the number of people with
the disease in a population in a given
time.
Morbidity is the effect of an illness on Define mortality and morbidity.
one’s life. Mortality statistics deal with the
cause of death in a population.
Primary prevention is to remove risk Define primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and give an example of each.
factors to prevent disease from
occurring- taking folic acid while
pregnant to prevent neural tube defects,
vaccinating children to prevent
communicable disease, eating healthy
and exercising to prevent heart disease,
and wearing seatbelts or helmets.
Secondary prevention aims to detect and
treat disease early, usually while the
disease is asymptomatic and curable-
annual Pap smears to detect early
cervical cancer, encouraging smoking
cessation, checking blood pressure and
cholesterol, and colonoscopy screening.
Tertiary prevention occurs after a disease
has been diagnosed and clinical
intervention is needed to reduce
complications or deterioration- certain
medications one must take after a heart
attack to help reduce the risk of a future
event or death.
Evidence-based practice is the Why is evidence-based practice important?
conscientious, explicit, and judicious use
of current best evidence in making
decisions about the care of individual
patients. This is to counteract “the way
things have always been done,” and to
practice based on clinical research.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 1
– MODULE 10 TEST BANK AND
FINAL EXAM
,Pathophysiology is defined as not only What is the definition of "pathophysiology"?
the cellular and organ changes that occur
with disease, but also the effects that
these changes have on total body
function.
Biologic agents (bacteria, viruses), Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example if listed.
physical forces (trauma, burns, radiation),
chemical agents (poisons, alcohol), one’s
genetic inheritance, and nutritional
excesses or deficiencies.
Risk factors can be categorized as What are the 2 types of risk factors?
congenital conditions (present at birth) or
acquired defects (occurring after birth).
Morphology is defined as the What is the difference between morphology and histology?
fundamental structure or form of cells or
tissues. Histology is the study of the cells
and extracellular matrix of body tissues.
A symptom is a subjective complaint, for Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and give an example of each.
example pain, trouble breathing, or
dizziness. A sign is an objective
manifestation, for example an elevated
temperature, a swollen extremity, or
changes in pupil size.
The diagnostic process requires a careful What are 3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis?
history, physical examination (PE), and
sometimes diagnostic tests.
, Validity is how a tool measures what it is Explain validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity.
intended to measure. Reliability is how
likely the same result will occur if
repeated. Sensitivity is the proportion of
people with a disease who are positive for
that disease. Specificity are people
without the disease who are negative on a
given test.
Epidemiology is the study of disease Define epidemiology and name some things that it tracks.
occurrence in human populations. It
tracks age, race, dietary habits, lifestyle,
or geographic location.
Incidence is the number of new cases in a What is the difference between incidence and prevalence?
population at risk during a specified time.
Prevalence is the number of people with
the disease in a population in a given
time.
Morbidity is the effect of an illness on Define mortality and morbidity.
one’s life. Mortality statistics deal with the
cause of death in a population.
Primary prevention is to remove risk Define primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and give an example of each.
factors to prevent disease from
occurring- taking folic acid while
pregnant to prevent neural tube defects,
vaccinating children to prevent
communicable disease, eating healthy
and exercising to prevent heart disease,
and wearing seatbelts or helmets.
Secondary prevention aims to detect and
treat disease early, usually while the
disease is asymptomatic and curable-
annual Pap smears to detect early
cervical cancer, encouraging smoking
cessation, checking blood pressure and
cholesterol, and colonoscopy screening.
Tertiary prevention occurs after a disease
has been diagnosed and clinical
intervention is needed to reduce
complications or deterioration- certain
medications one must take after a heart
attack to help reduce the risk of a future
event or death.
Evidence-based practice is the Why is evidence-based practice important?
conscientious, explicit, and judicious use
of current best evidence in making
decisions about the care of individual
patients. This is to counteract “the way
things have always been done,” and to
practice based on clinical research.
