PORTAGE
PATHOPHY
SIOLOGY
EXAM 2
, 1. True/False:
Blood tests for tumor markers can make a diagnosis of cancer.
Why or why not?: False, only tissue can diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to
assess response to therapy or reoccurrence.
2. What is the most important procedure in diagnosing the
correct cancer and histology?: tissue biopsy
3. Explain the TNM system:: T is the size and local spread of the primary tumor. N
is the involvement of the regional lymph nodes.
M is the extent of the metastatic involvement.
4. 1. List two signs or symptoms a patient may present with
that might indicate a cancer diagnosis:
2. What are two systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited
by cancer pa- tients?: 1. S+S: Bleeding; sore that doesn't heal; fluid in the pleural,
pericardial, or peritoneal spaces; chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, abdominal discomfort
or swelling. Other possible answers can include a mass or lump, pain (need to be specific),
fatigue, fevers, weight loss
2. Systemic: Weight loss, wasting of body fat and muscle tissue, weakness, anorexia, and
anemia, fatigue, sleep disturbances
PATHOPHY
SIOLOGY
EXAM 2
, 1. True/False:
Blood tests for tumor markers can make a diagnosis of cancer.
Why or why not?: False, only tissue can diagnose. Tumor markers are helpful to
assess response to therapy or reoccurrence.
2. What is the most important procedure in diagnosing the
correct cancer and histology?: tissue biopsy
3. Explain the TNM system:: T is the size and local spread of the primary tumor. N
is the involvement of the regional lymph nodes.
M is the extent of the metastatic involvement.
4. 1. List two signs or symptoms a patient may present with
that might indicate a cancer diagnosis:
2. What are two systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited
by cancer pa- tients?: 1. S+S: Bleeding; sore that doesn't heal; fluid in the pleural,
pericardial, or peritoneal spaces; chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, abdominal discomfort
or swelling. Other possible answers can include a mass or lump, pain (need to be specific),
fatigue, fevers, weight loss
2. Systemic: Weight loss, wasting of body fat and muscle tissue, weakness, anorexia, and
anemia, fatigue, sleep disturbances
