FRSC 2600 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
A system of identification of individuals by measurement of parts of the body, developed
by Alphonse Bertillon - Answer -Anthropometry
ACE-V (Name the four steps to identify and individualize a fingerprint: - Answer -
Analysis: Identify points of comparison and external factors. Comparison: Compare the
questioned print at 3 levels Evaluation: Determine a conclusion
Verification: The examiner's conclusion is confirmed by a second examiner.
What are the three fundamental principles of Fingerprints? - Answer -1. A fingerprint is
an individual characteristics; no two fingers have yet been found to possess identical
ridge characteristics.
2. A fingerprint will remain unchanged during an individual's lifetime.
3. Fingerprints have general ridge patterns that permit them to be systemically classified
When are fingerprints formed? - Answer -During fetal development
Ridge endings, bifurcation, enclosures and other ridge details which must match in two
fingerprints to establish their common origin - Answer -Ridge Characteristics (Minutiae)
A fingerprint made by the deposit of oils and or perspiration; it is invisible to the naked
eye. - Answer -Latent Fingerprint
Two-dimensional prints left by materials we can see - Answer -Patent Fingerprint
Three-dimensional prints left in things like putty, gum, clay, etc - Answer -Plastic
Fingerprint
A class of fingerprints characterized by ridge lines that enter the print from one side of
the pattern and curve around to exit the same side of the pattern. (Most common ridge
pattern!) - Answer -Loop
A class of fingerprints that includes ridge patterns that are generally rounded or circular
and have two deltas. - Answer -Whorl
How many deltas does a whorl have? - Answer -2
A class of fingerprints characterized by ridge lines that enter the print from one side and
flow out the other side. - Answer -Arches
An inkless device that captures digital images of fingerprints and palm prints and
electronically transmits them to an AFIS - Answer -Livescan
, Name the three types of crime scene fingerprints: - Answer -1. Visible prints
2. Plastic Prints
3. Latent/Invisible Prints
A fingerprint ridge split into two ridges is known as a - Answer -Bifurcation
A chemical reagent used to develop latent fingerprints on porous materials by reacting
with amino acids in perspiration. - Answer -Ninhydrin
What is the property of human skin that allows fingerprint dusting media and
cyanoacrylate fumes to enhance latent prints?
A. Hair follicles embedded in the scalp.'
B. Epidermal cells absorb dusting media and cyanoacrylate fumes.
C. Hot and cold neve receptors found on the surface of human skin.
D. Skin surfaces secrete sweat, oils, and proteins. - Answer -D. Skin surfaces secrete
sweat, oils, and proteins.
Pattern that appears on palms, soles, and the ends of fingers and toes - Answer -
Friction Ridges
Friction ridge prints should be photographed when they are found at the - Answer -
Crime scene/laboratory
Level 1 of Fingerprint Analysis - Answer -Includes the general ridge flow and pattern
configuration
Level 2 of Fingerprint Analysis - Answer -Includes formations, defined as ridge endings,
bifurcations, dots, or combinations of these features
Level 3 of Fingerprint Analysis - Answer -Includes all attributes of a ridge such as ridge
path deviation, width, shape, pores, edge contour, incipient (immature/thin/shallow)
ridges, breaks, creases, scars, and other permanent minutiae
How many points of a comparison are necessary and sufficient to reach a conclusion of
identification? - Answer -Most agencies now use a "no-point" standard
A sufficient number of characteristics necessary to make a conclusion of identification
based on:
- Quantity and quality of unknown evidence
- Experience and judgement
How do you package latent prints? - Answer -Non-porous items should be stabilized or
tied down and packaged compartmentally when shipping while porous items can be
placed in envelopes, paper bags, document protectors, etc.
A system of identification of individuals by measurement of parts of the body, developed
by Alphonse Bertillon - Answer -Anthropometry
ACE-V (Name the four steps to identify and individualize a fingerprint: - Answer -
Analysis: Identify points of comparison and external factors. Comparison: Compare the
questioned print at 3 levels Evaluation: Determine a conclusion
Verification: The examiner's conclusion is confirmed by a second examiner.
What are the three fundamental principles of Fingerprints? - Answer -1. A fingerprint is
an individual characteristics; no two fingers have yet been found to possess identical
ridge characteristics.
2. A fingerprint will remain unchanged during an individual's lifetime.
3. Fingerprints have general ridge patterns that permit them to be systemically classified
When are fingerprints formed? - Answer -During fetal development
Ridge endings, bifurcation, enclosures and other ridge details which must match in two
fingerprints to establish their common origin - Answer -Ridge Characteristics (Minutiae)
A fingerprint made by the deposit of oils and or perspiration; it is invisible to the naked
eye. - Answer -Latent Fingerprint
Two-dimensional prints left by materials we can see - Answer -Patent Fingerprint
Three-dimensional prints left in things like putty, gum, clay, etc - Answer -Plastic
Fingerprint
A class of fingerprints characterized by ridge lines that enter the print from one side of
the pattern and curve around to exit the same side of the pattern. (Most common ridge
pattern!) - Answer -Loop
A class of fingerprints that includes ridge patterns that are generally rounded or circular
and have two deltas. - Answer -Whorl
How many deltas does a whorl have? - Answer -2
A class of fingerprints characterized by ridge lines that enter the print from one side and
flow out the other side. - Answer -Arches
An inkless device that captures digital images of fingerprints and palm prints and
electronically transmits them to an AFIS - Answer -Livescan
, Name the three types of crime scene fingerprints: - Answer -1. Visible prints
2. Plastic Prints
3. Latent/Invisible Prints
A fingerprint ridge split into two ridges is known as a - Answer -Bifurcation
A chemical reagent used to develop latent fingerprints on porous materials by reacting
with amino acids in perspiration. - Answer -Ninhydrin
What is the property of human skin that allows fingerprint dusting media and
cyanoacrylate fumes to enhance latent prints?
A. Hair follicles embedded in the scalp.'
B. Epidermal cells absorb dusting media and cyanoacrylate fumes.
C. Hot and cold neve receptors found on the surface of human skin.
D. Skin surfaces secrete sweat, oils, and proteins. - Answer -D. Skin surfaces secrete
sweat, oils, and proteins.
Pattern that appears on palms, soles, and the ends of fingers and toes - Answer -
Friction Ridges
Friction ridge prints should be photographed when they are found at the - Answer -
Crime scene/laboratory
Level 1 of Fingerprint Analysis - Answer -Includes the general ridge flow and pattern
configuration
Level 2 of Fingerprint Analysis - Answer -Includes formations, defined as ridge endings,
bifurcations, dots, or combinations of these features
Level 3 of Fingerprint Analysis - Answer -Includes all attributes of a ridge such as ridge
path deviation, width, shape, pores, edge contour, incipient (immature/thin/shallow)
ridges, breaks, creases, scars, and other permanent minutiae
How many points of a comparison are necessary and sufficient to reach a conclusion of
identification? - Answer -Most agencies now use a "no-point" standard
A sufficient number of characteristics necessary to make a conclusion of identification
based on:
- Quantity and quality of unknown evidence
- Experience and judgement
How do you package latent prints? - Answer -Non-porous items should be stabilized or
tied down and packaged compartmentally when shipping while porous items can be
placed in envelopes, paper bags, document protectors, etc.
