CSO Exam - Ch 1 - Overview of Cancer,
Carcinogenesis, and the Role of Nutrition
Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
Lifetime risk of developing cancer in men and women? - Correct answer-40% men
38% women
What two ethnicities have the highest incidence rates of cancer? - Correct answer-
non Hispanic whites + blacks
5 year survival rate for all cancers - Correct answer-69% (from 2009-2015)
Lower in blacks (64%) than whites (70%)
Cost of cancer care - Correct answer-2010 - $157 B
Expected to increase 2020 - $173 B
Largest projected increase cost - Correct answer-Survivorship for breast and
prostate cancer
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, "Early" cancer detection - Correct answer-Identification of tumors before they
become palpable
Types of screening - Correct answer-Palpation - most common screening
Blood tests
Imaging procedures
Molecular techniques (genotyping etc)
5 most common cancer types in US for men - Correct answer-Prostate, lung, CRC,
urinary bladder, melanoma
5 most common cancer types in US for women - Correct answer-Breast, lung,
CRC, uterine, thyroid
The cancer tumor grading system (Gx-G4) is developed by what group? - Correct
answer-American Joint Committee on Cancer Tumor
TX - Correct answer-tumor cannot be assessed
T0 - Correct answer-no evidence of tumor
Tis - Correct answer-Carcinoma in situ (CIS; abnormal cells are present but have
not spread to neighboring tissue; although not cancer, CIS may become cancer and
is sometimes called preinvasive cancer)
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Carcinogenesis, and the Role of Nutrition
Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
Lifetime risk of developing cancer in men and women? - Correct answer-40% men
38% women
What two ethnicities have the highest incidence rates of cancer? - Correct answer-
non Hispanic whites + blacks
5 year survival rate for all cancers - Correct answer-69% (from 2009-2015)
Lower in blacks (64%) than whites (70%)
Cost of cancer care - Correct answer-2010 - $157 B
Expected to increase 2020 - $173 B
Largest projected increase cost - Correct answer-Survivorship for breast and
prostate cancer
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, "Early" cancer detection - Correct answer-Identification of tumors before they
become palpable
Types of screening - Correct answer-Palpation - most common screening
Blood tests
Imaging procedures
Molecular techniques (genotyping etc)
5 most common cancer types in US for men - Correct answer-Prostate, lung, CRC,
urinary bladder, melanoma
5 most common cancer types in US for women - Correct answer-Breast, lung,
CRC, uterine, thyroid
The cancer tumor grading system (Gx-G4) is developed by what group? - Correct
answer-American Joint Committee on Cancer Tumor
TX - Correct answer-tumor cannot be assessed
T0 - Correct answer-no evidence of tumor
Tis - Correct answer-Carcinoma in situ (CIS; abnormal cells are present but have
not spread to neighboring tissue; although not cancer, CIS may become cancer and
is sometimes called preinvasive cancer)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
