ANCC Certification PMHNP Chapter
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Mood Disorders -CORRECT ANSWER Most common psych illnesses
Primary characteristic is persistent disturbance in mood -CORRECT ANSWER Major
Depressive Disorder
Often occurs without precipitating event -CORRECT ANSWER MDD
Object loss theory -CORRECT ANSWER Fairbairn, Winnicott & guntrip
Aggression turned inward theory of MDD -CORRECT ANSWER Freud
Cognitive Theory -CORRECT ANSWER Beck
Learned Helplessness-Hopelessness Theory -CORRECT ANSWER Seligman
Genetic predisposition -CORRECT ANSWER Strong genetic load for depression for
child of depressed parent -having 3 fold increase in lifetime risk of MDD & 40% chance
of depressive episode before age 18.
Endocrine dysfunction Theory -CORRECT ANSWER Probably related to etiology of
MDD
Sleep disturbances, appetite disturbances, libido disturbances, lethargy, anhedonia are
neurovegitative symptoms that are related to functions of the -CORRECT ANSWER
Hypothalamus and pituitary gland secretions
Endocrine dysfunction and pregnancy -CORRECT ANSWER A high incidence of
postpartum mood disturbances is suggested with this
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) -CORRECT ANSWER A theory of MDD,
may be a result of an abnormal stress response related to dysregulation of this system
HPA axis -CORRECT ANSWER Controls the physiological response to stress and is
composed of interconnective feedback pathways between the hypothalamus, pituitary
gland, and adrenal gland.
, Hypothalamus releases -CORRECT ANSWER corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) -CORRECT ANSWER Released by pituitary in
response to CRH by hypothalamus
Cortisol -CORRECT ANSWER Released by adrenal glands in response to ACTH by
pituitary gland
Hyperactivity of the HPA axis -CORRECT ANSWER Demonstrated to be present in
individuals with MDD. May also have elevated cortisol levels
Elevated cortisol levels -CORRECT ANSWER Over time damages the CNS by altering
neurotransmission and electrical signal conduction. Cortisol over time can cause
changes in size and function of brain tissue
Dexamethasone suppression test (DST) -CORRECT ANSWER Not commonly used in
clinical practice for screening of depression as it is too non specific.
Hypovolemic hippocampus and hypovolemic prefrontal cortex-limbic striatal regions -
CORRECT ANSWER Abnormalities demonstrated by neuroimaging in individuals with
chronic and severe depression
Brain damage, including that from stroke and trauma -CORRECT ANSWER Depression
is a acommon comorbidity in individuals who have experienced these events
What is the Chronobiological theory of MDD -CORRECT ANSWER Desynchronization
of the circadian rhythms produces the symptom constellation collectively called MDD
Circadian rhythms control these biological processes that are frequent problems with
depressed individuals -CORRECT ANSWER Sleep-rest cycle disturbances * Increased
cortisol secretions *
REM abnormalities Increased emotional reactivity
Frequent waking
More intensified dreaming
Diurnal variations to circadian-related behaviors
Decreased arousal and energy levels
Decreased activity patterns *
Incidence of MDD -CORRECT ANSWER 5% of U.S. population ages 18 and older each
year. About 9.9 million Americans
Most common psychiatric illness seen in primary care practices; only 50% of people
receive treatment -CORRECT ANSWER MDD
25% women, 12% men -CORRECT ANSWER Risk during reproductive years
7||Questions and answers||Already
graded A+||Latest exam
update||Download now!!!
Mood Disorders -CORRECT ANSWER Most common psych illnesses
Primary characteristic is persistent disturbance in mood -CORRECT ANSWER Major
Depressive Disorder
Often occurs without precipitating event -CORRECT ANSWER MDD
Object loss theory -CORRECT ANSWER Fairbairn, Winnicott & guntrip
Aggression turned inward theory of MDD -CORRECT ANSWER Freud
Cognitive Theory -CORRECT ANSWER Beck
Learned Helplessness-Hopelessness Theory -CORRECT ANSWER Seligman
Genetic predisposition -CORRECT ANSWER Strong genetic load for depression for
child of depressed parent -having 3 fold increase in lifetime risk of MDD & 40% chance
of depressive episode before age 18.
Endocrine dysfunction Theory -CORRECT ANSWER Probably related to etiology of
MDD
Sleep disturbances, appetite disturbances, libido disturbances, lethargy, anhedonia are
neurovegitative symptoms that are related to functions of the -CORRECT ANSWER
Hypothalamus and pituitary gland secretions
Endocrine dysfunction and pregnancy -CORRECT ANSWER A high incidence of
postpartum mood disturbances is suggested with this
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) -CORRECT ANSWER A theory of MDD,
may be a result of an abnormal stress response related to dysregulation of this system
HPA axis -CORRECT ANSWER Controls the physiological response to stress and is
composed of interconnective feedback pathways between the hypothalamus, pituitary
gland, and adrenal gland.
, Hypothalamus releases -CORRECT ANSWER corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) -CORRECT ANSWER Released by pituitary in
response to CRH by hypothalamus
Cortisol -CORRECT ANSWER Released by adrenal glands in response to ACTH by
pituitary gland
Hyperactivity of the HPA axis -CORRECT ANSWER Demonstrated to be present in
individuals with MDD. May also have elevated cortisol levels
Elevated cortisol levels -CORRECT ANSWER Over time damages the CNS by altering
neurotransmission and electrical signal conduction. Cortisol over time can cause
changes in size and function of brain tissue
Dexamethasone suppression test (DST) -CORRECT ANSWER Not commonly used in
clinical practice for screening of depression as it is too non specific.
Hypovolemic hippocampus and hypovolemic prefrontal cortex-limbic striatal regions -
CORRECT ANSWER Abnormalities demonstrated by neuroimaging in individuals with
chronic and severe depression
Brain damage, including that from stroke and trauma -CORRECT ANSWER Depression
is a acommon comorbidity in individuals who have experienced these events
What is the Chronobiological theory of MDD -CORRECT ANSWER Desynchronization
of the circadian rhythms produces the symptom constellation collectively called MDD
Circadian rhythms control these biological processes that are frequent problems with
depressed individuals -CORRECT ANSWER Sleep-rest cycle disturbances * Increased
cortisol secretions *
REM abnormalities Increased emotional reactivity
Frequent waking
More intensified dreaming
Diurnal variations to circadian-related behaviors
Decreased arousal and energy levels
Decreased activity patterns *
Incidence of MDD -CORRECT ANSWER 5% of U.S. population ages 18 and older each
year. About 9.9 million Americans
Most common psychiatric illness seen in primary care practices; only 50% of people
receive treatment -CORRECT ANSWER MDD
25% women, 12% men -CORRECT ANSWER Risk during reproductive years
