AP Psychology - Social
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Social Psychology -CORRECT ANSWER The scientific study of how we think about,
influence, and relate to one another.
Attribution Theory -CORRECT ANSWER The theory that we explain someone's
behavior by crediting either the situation (external) or the person's disposition (internal).
Fundamental Attribution Error -CORRECT ANSWER The tendency for observers,
when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to
overestimate the impact of personal disposition.
Attitude -CORRECT ANSWER Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that
predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. (ABC)
Central Route Persuasion -CORRECT ANSWER Attitude change path in which
interested people focus on the arguments, facts and respond with favorable thoughts.
Peripheral Route Persuasion -CORRECT ANSWER Attitude change path in which
people are influenced by incidental cues, emotional responses such as a speaker's
attractiveness.
Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon -CORRECT ANSWER The tendency for people who
have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
Role -CORRECT ANSWER A set of expectations (norms) about a social position,
defining how those in the position ought to behave.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory -CORRECT ANSWER The theory that we act to reduce
the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognition) are
inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions
clash, we can reduce the resulting discomfort by changing our attitudes.
Conformity -CORRECT ANSWER Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with
a group standard.
Normative Social Influence -CORRECT ANSWER Influence (conforming) resulting
from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.
, Informational Social Influence -CORRECT ANSWER Influence (conforming) resulting
from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.
Social Facilitation -CORRECT ANSWER Stronger responses on simple or well-learned
tasks in the presence of others.
Social Loafing -CORRECT ANSWER The tendency for people in a group to exert less
effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually
accountable.
Deindividuation -CORRECT ANSWER The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint
occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. (Mob Mentality)
Group Polarization -CORRECT ANSWER The enhancement of a group's prevailing
inclinations through discussion within the group. (Extremes)
Groupthink -CORRECT ANSWER The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire
for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
Culture -CORRECT ANSWER The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and
traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
Norm -CORRECT ANSWER An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior.
They prescribe "proper" behavior.
Personal Space -CORRECT ANSWER The buffer zone we like to maintain around our
bodies.
Prejudice -CORRECT ANSWER An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward
a group and its members. It generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings,
and a predisposition to discriminatory action.
Stereotype -CORRECT ANSWER A generalized (sometimes accurate, but often
overgeneralized) belief about a group of people.
Discrimination -CORRECT ANSWER (Social) unjustifiable negative behavior toward a
group and its members.
Ingroup -CORRECT ANSWER "Us"—people with whom we share a common identity.
Outgroup -CORRECT ANSWER "Them"—those perceived as different or apart from
our ingroup.
Ingroup Bias -CORRECT ANSWER The tendency to favor our own group.
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Social Psychology -CORRECT ANSWER The scientific study of how we think about,
influence, and relate to one another.
Attribution Theory -CORRECT ANSWER The theory that we explain someone's
behavior by crediting either the situation (external) or the person's disposition (internal).
Fundamental Attribution Error -CORRECT ANSWER The tendency for observers,
when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to
overestimate the impact of personal disposition.
Attitude -CORRECT ANSWER Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that
predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. (ABC)
Central Route Persuasion -CORRECT ANSWER Attitude change path in which
interested people focus on the arguments, facts and respond with favorable thoughts.
Peripheral Route Persuasion -CORRECT ANSWER Attitude change path in which
people are influenced by incidental cues, emotional responses such as a speaker's
attractiveness.
Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon -CORRECT ANSWER The tendency for people who
have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
Role -CORRECT ANSWER A set of expectations (norms) about a social position,
defining how those in the position ought to behave.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory -CORRECT ANSWER The theory that we act to reduce
the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognition) are
inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions
clash, we can reduce the resulting discomfort by changing our attitudes.
Conformity -CORRECT ANSWER Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with
a group standard.
Normative Social Influence -CORRECT ANSWER Influence (conforming) resulting
from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.
, Informational Social Influence -CORRECT ANSWER Influence (conforming) resulting
from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.
Social Facilitation -CORRECT ANSWER Stronger responses on simple or well-learned
tasks in the presence of others.
Social Loafing -CORRECT ANSWER The tendency for people in a group to exert less
effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually
accountable.
Deindividuation -CORRECT ANSWER The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint
occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. (Mob Mentality)
Group Polarization -CORRECT ANSWER The enhancement of a group's prevailing
inclinations through discussion within the group. (Extremes)
Groupthink -CORRECT ANSWER The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire
for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
Culture -CORRECT ANSWER The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and
traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
Norm -CORRECT ANSWER An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior.
They prescribe "proper" behavior.
Personal Space -CORRECT ANSWER The buffer zone we like to maintain around our
bodies.
Prejudice -CORRECT ANSWER An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward
a group and its members. It generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings,
and a predisposition to discriminatory action.
Stereotype -CORRECT ANSWER A generalized (sometimes accurate, but often
overgeneralized) belief about a group of people.
Discrimination -CORRECT ANSWER (Social) unjustifiable negative behavior toward a
group and its members.
Ingroup -CORRECT ANSWER "Us"—people with whom we share a common identity.
Outgroup -CORRECT ANSWER "Them"—those perceived as different or apart from
our ingroup.
Ingroup Bias -CORRECT ANSWER The tendency to favor our own group.
