Page 1 of 51
CHEM219 / CHEM 219 Modules 1 – 5 & Final Exams:
(Latest Updates STUDY BUNDLE PACKAGE)
Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab | Questions &
Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct - Portage Learning
alcohols .....ANSWER.....Generic formula R-OH
Defined by presence of hydroxyl group, derivatives of water
(one H atoms is replaced by an alkyl group (carbon-based
group))
Phenols .....ANSWER.....hydroxyl group connected to benzene
ring
Nomenclature alcohols .....ANSWER.....replace suffix of parent
chain with -ol
*Hydroxyl group will have lowest possible number
,Page 2 of 51
Unsaturated alcohol nomenclature .....ANSWER.....2 endings
needed: one for the C=C or C triple bond C and one for the
alcohol functional group; -ol suffix
Put number on the lowest part of the double or triple bond
(ex: 2-propen-1-ol)
polyols .....ANSWER.....Molecules with more than one -OH group
*prefix describing number of -OH added to IUPAC name
(ex: ethane-1,2-diol)
diol, triol, etc
phenol .....ANSWER.....refers to a specific molecule
(hydroxybenzene) and to the parent name of all hydroxy-
substituted aromatic molecules (-OH attached to benzene ring)
primary vs secondary vs tertiary alcohols .....ANSWER.....how
many carbon atoms (alkyl groups) directly attached to the
carbon bearing the -OH group
,Page 3 of 51
methyl alcohol .....ANSWER.....only hydrogen connected to carbon
bearing the -OH group
Alcohol properties .....ANSWER.....strong hydrogen bonding
interactions with one another because of presence of hydroxyl
group (the O-H bond is highly polarized by the electronegative
oxygen)
-->causes alcohols to have higher boiling points than other
molecules of similar molecular weight
-freely hydrogen bond to other molecules possessing O-H, N-H,
or S-H
-lower MW alcohols are soluble in water
alcohol acidity and basicity .....ANSWER.....can act as weak acids
(donating O-H proton as H+) or as weak bases (accepting H+
using a long pair on the O atom) depending on the environment
surrounding them aka AMPHOTERIC substances
, Page 4 of 51
Acid dissociation of alcohols .....ANSWER.....unfavorable (lies
towards left) as dissociation produces an alkoxide ion (conjugate
base of an alcohol), which is a very strong base
typically, acid-base rxn formation of weaker conjugate
acids/bases
to promote formation of the alkoxide ion .....ANSWER.....alcohol
can be treated with sodium or potassium metal (Na or K) or a
base that is stronger than the RO- ion produced
product of the protonation of an alcohol is known as an
*using lone pair on oxygen atom of hydroxyl group, alcohols can
accept a proton when they are placed in an acidic environment
.....ANSWER.....alkyloxonium ion
dehydration of alcohols .....ANSWER.....when heated with strong
mineral acids like sulfuric or phosphoric, refers to loss of water
CHEM219 / CHEM 219 Modules 1 – 5 & Final Exams:
(Latest Updates STUDY BUNDLE PACKAGE)
Principles of Organic Chemistry with Lab | Questions &
Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct - Portage Learning
alcohols .....ANSWER.....Generic formula R-OH
Defined by presence of hydroxyl group, derivatives of water
(one H atoms is replaced by an alkyl group (carbon-based
group))
Phenols .....ANSWER.....hydroxyl group connected to benzene
ring
Nomenclature alcohols .....ANSWER.....replace suffix of parent
chain with -ol
*Hydroxyl group will have lowest possible number
,Page 2 of 51
Unsaturated alcohol nomenclature .....ANSWER.....2 endings
needed: one for the C=C or C triple bond C and one for the
alcohol functional group; -ol suffix
Put number on the lowest part of the double or triple bond
(ex: 2-propen-1-ol)
polyols .....ANSWER.....Molecules with more than one -OH group
*prefix describing number of -OH added to IUPAC name
(ex: ethane-1,2-diol)
diol, triol, etc
phenol .....ANSWER.....refers to a specific molecule
(hydroxybenzene) and to the parent name of all hydroxy-
substituted aromatic molecules (-OH attached to benzene ring)
primary vs secondary vs tertiary alcohols .....ANSWER.....how
many carbon atoms (alkyl groups) directly attached to the
carbon bearing the -OH group
,Page 3 of 51
methyl alcohol .....ANSWER.....only hydrogen connected to carbon
bearing the -OH group
Alcohol properties .....ANSWER.....strong hydrogen bonding
interactions with one another because of presence of hydroxyl
group (the O-H bond is highly polarized by the electronegative
oxygen)
-->causes alcohols to have higher boiling points than other
molecules of similar molecular weight
-freely hydrogen bond to other molecules possessing O-H, N-H,
or S-H
-lower MW alcohols are soluble in water
alcohol acidity and basicity .....ANSWER.....can act as weak acids
(donating O-H proton as H+) or as weak bases (accepting H+
using a long pair on the O atom) depending on the environment
surrounding them aka AMPHOTERIC substances
, Page 4 of 51
Acid dissociation of alcohols .....ANSWER.....unfavorable (lies
towards left) as dissociation produces an alkoxide ion (conjugate
base of an alcohol), which is a very strong base
typically, acid-base rxn formation of weaker conjugate
acids/bases
to promote formation of the alkoxide ion .....ANSWER.....alcohol
can be treated with sodium or potassium metal (Na or K) or a
base that is stronger than the RO- ion produced
product of the protonation of an alcohol is known as an
*using lone pair on oxygen atom of hydroxyl group, alcohols can
accept a proton when they are placed in an acidic environment
.....ANSWER.....alkyloxonium ion
dehydration of alcohols .....ANSWER.....when heated with strong
mineral acids like sulfuric or phosphoric, refers to loss of water
