NR 503 Made Easy: A+ Questions and Answers. A 2025/2026 Study Guide
Epidemiology Final.
Terms in this set (65)
The science of public health.
Epidemiology
The focus on assessing risk, data and demographics for large groups
Population Health Focuses on risk, data, demographics and outcomes.
Outcome The end result following an intervention
Aggregate Defined population
Community Composed of multiple aggregates
Data Compile data
Measures the existence of all current cases within a time frame.
Prevalence
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or
condition present in a population at a given time.
The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition
Incidence
during a specific time. Measures the appearance of new
cases.
Surveillance Collection, analysis, dissemination of data.
High- risk Increased chance of poor health outcome.
Morbidity Presence of illness in population
Mortality Related to the tracking of deaths within an aggregate
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
Validity
test is the ability of that test to distinguish correctly who has a disease
Specificity the ability of a test to correctly identify those who do not have the
disease
, sensitivity the ability of a test to correctly identify those who have a disease
Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring.
primary prevention
Primary prevention identifies modifiable risk
-focuses on early identification of individuals or communities
experiencing illness,
secondary prevention providing treatment, and conducting activities that are geared to
prevent worsening health status
-examples: communicable disease screening and case finding;
early detection and treatment of diabetes; exercise programs
for older adult clients who are frail
actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has
tertiary prevention
progressed beyond its early stages
- enhance rehabilitation from disease, injury, or disability
- Provide cardiac rehabilitation, medication, and surgery.
- medical treatment
- physical and occupational therapy, and rehabilitation
- Monitor the use of prescription medications and adherence to
treatment to reduce risk for illness complications
- Provide health promotion activities to persons with serious
and persistent mental illness.
- Promote support group participation for those with mental health
disabilities.
- The public health nurse provides a diabetes clinic for a
defined population of adults in a low-income housing unit of
the community.
- If blood pressure cannot be controlled by diet, refer the
client to a physician or nurse practitioner for medication;
advise the client to engage in a cardiac program that will
oversee diet and exercise.
- Participate in home visits to mothers who are at risk for
tertiary prevention examples neglecting babies, to reduce the costs related to abuse
- Provide health care and treatment for those infected by
H1N1 or the new strains of the virus.
- Evaluate the incidence or prevalence of obesity among school children
after the
implementation of the program and provide programs to
reduce complications from the condition.
-A review of the public health report card indicated that
community incidence of complications from vaccine-
preventable diseases have declined over a 2-year period
Epidemiology Final.
Terms in this set (65)
The science of public health.
Epidemiology
The focus on assessing risk, data and demographics for large groups
Population Health Focuses on risk, data, demographics and outcomes.
Outcome The end result following an intervention
Aggregate Defined population
Community Composed of multiple aggregates
Data Compile data
Measures the existence of all current cases within a time frame.
Prevalence
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or
condition present in a population at a given time.
The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition
Incidence
during a specific time. Measures the appearance of new
cases.
Surveillance Collection, analysis, dissemination of data.
High- risk Increased chance of poor health outcome.
Morbidity Presence of illness in population
Mortality Related to the tracking of deaths within an aggregate
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
Validity
test is the ability of that test to distinguish correctly who has a disease
Specificity the ability of a test to correctly identify those who do not have the
disease
, sensitivity the ability of a test to correctly identify those who have a disease
Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring.
primary prevention
Primary prevention identifies modifiable risk
-focuses on early identification of individuals or communities
experiencing illness,
secondary prevention providing treatment, and conducting activities that are geared to
prevent worsening health status
-examples: communicable disease screening and case finding;
early detection and treatment of diabetes; exercise programs
for older adult clients who are frail
actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has
tertiary prevention
progressed beyond its early stages
- enhance rehabilitation from disease, injury, or disability
- Provide cardiac rehabilitation, medication, and surgery.
- medical treatment
- physical and occupational therapy, and rehabilitation
- Monitor the use of prescription medications and adherence to
treatment to reduce risk for illness complications
- Provide health promotion activities to persons with serious
and persistent mental illness.
- Promote support group participation for those with mental health
disabilities.
- The public health nurse provides a diabetes clinic for a
defined population of adults in a low-income housing unit of
the community.
- If blood pressure cannot be controlled by diet, refer the
client to a physician or nurse practitioner for medication;
advise the client to engage in a cardiac program that will
oversee diet and exercise.
- Participate in home visits to mothers who are at risk for
tertiary prevention examples neglecting babies, to reduce the costs related to abuse
- Provide health care and treatment for those infected by
H1N1 or the new strains of the virus.
- Evaluate the incidence or prevalence of obesity among school children
after the
implementation of the program and provide programs to
reduce complications from the condition.
-A review of the public health report card indicated that
community incidence of complications from vaccine-
preventable diseases have declined over a 2-year period
