IPHY 2420 EXAM 1: CH 1-5 WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Disease with a strong nutritional component - ANSWER-Type 2 diabetes, heart disease,
high blood pressure, obesity
Disease caused by nutritional deficiencies or toxicities - ANSWER-Pellagra, Scurvy
(vitamin c), Iron-deficiency anemia(most common)
Healthy People 2020 Goals - ANSWER-1. Attain high quality longer lives of preventable
diseases
2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparates
3. Create social and physical environment that promotes good health
4. Promote quality of life and healthy development
Carbohydrates - ANSWER-Primary source of energy especially for there nerve cells
and is composed of chains of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. EX: Grains, Fruits, Vegetables
Fats (lipids) - ANSWER-Primary source of energy and yield more energy per gram than
carbs or proteins. Composed of chains of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. Ex: Butter, Oils
Proteins - ANSWER-Last resort energy source. Contains nitrogen which uses to
assemble into amino acids to build new cells and tissues. Ex: Meat, Dairy, Nuts.
Macronutrients - ANSWER-Energy yielding food that we need in a large amount. The 3
are: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Vitamins - ANSWER-Help regulate body function.Essential to metabolism because help
breakdown macronutrients. Knows as "little helpers"
Fat soluble vitamins - ANSWER-Vitamins A, D, E, K. Stored in body and toxicity is
possible
water soluble vitamins - ANSWER-B and C. Not stored in the body and excess excreted
through urination
major minerals - ANSWER-Calcium, Chloride, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium,
Sodium, Sulfur. Need 100mg or more in diet and more than 5 g (5000mg) in body.
Trace Minerals - ANSWER-Iron, Zinc, Copper, manganese, Iodine, Selenium,
Chromium, Fluoride. Need less than 100 mg and less than 5g (5000mg) in body.
, organic nutrients - ANSWER-Nutrients that contain both hydrogen and carbon. Carbs,
Lipids, proteins, Vitamins
Micronutrients - ANSWER-vitamins and minerals
Minerals - ANSWER-Assit fluid regulation, energy production, health of blood and
bones. Already in simplest form. Inorganic
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) - ANSWER-Estimated amount of a nutrient per
day at which the needs of 50% of the population will be met.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - ANSWER-Nutrient intake amount sufficient
to meet the needs of 97% to 98% of the individuals in a specific life stage.
Adequate Intake (AI) - ANSWER-Amount assumed to be adequate
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) - ANSWER-Highest intake level not likely to harm the
health of most people
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) - ANSWER-Range of
macronutrient intake associated with reduced chronic disease risk. Expressed as % of
calories. Carbs 45-65, Fat 20-35, Protein 10-35.
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) - ANSWER-the average dietary energy intake
that is predicted to maintain energy balance. Considers age, health,weight, gender,
activity level.
empty calories - ANSWER-Calories from solid fats and or added sugar that provide few
or no nutrients
portion size - ANSWER-The amount of food served for a single person. They have
increased significantly in past 20 years.
large molecules - ANSWER-carbs, proteins, fats, vitamins
digestion goal - ANSWER-Break large molecules down tp smaller molecules. Absorb
smaller molecules into cells.
Evaluating Claims - ANSWER-Pay attention to who is reporting, who paid for research,
who is conducting research, is it based on reputable study (good research methods)
Reliable Sources - ANSWER-Registered dietitian (RDN), Registered Diabetic technician
(DTR)
Adequate diet - ANSWER-Provides enough energy, nutrients, fiber, vitamins, and
minerals to support a person's health
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Disease with a strong nutritional component - ANSWER-Type 2 diabetes, heart disease,
high blood pressure, obesity
Disease caused by nutritional deficiencies or toxicities - ANSWER-Pellagra, Scurvy
(vitamin c), Iron-deficiency anemia(most common)
Healthy People 2020 Goals - ANSWER-1. Attain high quality longer lives of preventable
diseases
2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparates
3. Create social and physical environment that promotes good health
4. Promote quality of life and healthy development
Carbohydrates - ANSWER-Primary source of energy especially for there nerve cells
and is composed of chains of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. EX: Grains, Fruits, Vegetables
Fats (lipids) - ANSWER-Primary source of energy and yield more energy per gram than
carbs or proteins. Composed of chains of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. Ex: Butter, Oils
Proteins - ANSWER-Last resort energy source. Contains nitrogen which uses to
assemble into amino acids to build new cells and tissues. Ex: Meat, Dairy, Nuts.
Macronutrients - ANSWER-Energy yielding food that we need in a large amount. The 3
are: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Vitamins - ANSWER-Help regulate body function.Essential to metabolism because help
breakdown macronutrients. Knows as "little helpers"
Fat soluble vitamins - ANSWER-Vitamins A, D, E, K. Stored in body and toxicity is
possible
water soluble vitamins - ANSWER-B and C. Not stored in the body and excess excreted
through urination
major minerals - ANSWER-Calcium, Chloride, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium,
Sodium, Sulfur. Need 100mg or more in diet and more than 5 g (5000mg) in body.
Trace Minerals - ANSWER-Iron, Zinc, Copper, manganese, Iodine, Selenium,
Chromium, Fluoride. Need less than 100 mg and less than 5g (5000mg) in body.
, organic nutrients - ANSWER-Nutrients that contain both hydrogen and carbon. Carbs,
Lipids, proteins, Vitamins
Micronutrients - ANSWER-vitamins and minerals
Minerals - ANSWER-Assit fluid regulation, energy production, health of blood and
bones. Already in simplest form. Inorganic
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) - ANSWER-Estimated amount of a nutrient per
day at which the needs of 50% of the population will be met.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - ANSWER-Nutrient intake amount sufficient
to meet the needs of 97% to 98% of the individuals in a specific life stage.
Adequate Intake (AI) - ANSWER-Amount assumed to be adequate
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) - ANSWER-Highest intake level not likely to harm the
health of most people
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) - ANSWER-Range of
macronutrient intake associated with reduced chronic disease risk. Expressed as % of
calories. Carbs 45-65, Fat 20-35, Protein 10-35.
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) - ANSWER-the average dietary energy intake
that is predicted to maintain energy balance. Considers age, health,weight, gender,
activity level.
empty calories - ANSWER-Calories from solid fats and or added sugar that provide few
or no nutrients
portion size - ANSWER-The amount of food served for a single person. They have
increased significantly in past 20 years.
large molecules - ANSWER-carbs, proteins, fats, vitamins
digestion goal - ANSWER-Break large molecules down tp smaller molecules. Absorb
smaller molecules into cells.
Evaluating Claims - ANSWER-Pay attention to who is reporting, who paid for research,
who is conducting research, is it based on reputable study (good research methods)
Reliable Sources - ANSWER-Registered dietitian (RDN), Registered Diabetic technician
(DTR)
Adequate diet - ANSWER-Provides enough energy, nutrients, fiber, vitamins, and
minerals to support a person's health
