ARDMS Abdomen Review (Based off of URR Review
Course) with all Correct & 100% Verified Answers|
Actual Complete Exam| Already Graded A+
What does an increased RI mean ✔Correct Answer-increased resistance in vascular bed
What does an increased pulsatility index mean ✔Correct Answer-increased resistance in vascular
bed
Normal PI for vessels supplying organs such as kidneys ✔Correct Answer-< 0.75
Hydrostatic pressure:
when supine
at ankle when standing
above heart when standing ✔Correct Answer-0 mmHg
100 mmHg
-30 mmHg
What vessel is the most posterior abdominal vessel ✔Correct Answer-aorta
Paired branches of the aorta (5) ✔Correct Answer-suprarenal arteries (adrenal glands)
renal arteries (kidneys)
gonadal arteries (ovaries/testicles)
lumbar arteries
common iliac arteries
Unpaired branches of the aorta (4) ✔Correct Answer-celiac axis (common hepatic, splenic, left
gastric arteries)
SMA
IMA
median sacral artery
What level common iliac arteries bifurcate ✔Correct Answer-L3-4
Decreased hematocrit may indicate what ✔Correct Answer-bleed in body
What happens to the aorta as you follow it distally (2) ✔Correct Answer-gets smaller
becomes more anterior
Aortic Ectasia ✔Correct Answer-lack of tapering of aorta as you move distally (can be precursor to
aneurysm)
AAA
What vessel walls are involved ✔Correct Answer-focal dilation of aorta >3cm or >50% diameter
between two adjacent segments
all three
,Most common cause of AAA ✔Correct Answer-atherosclerotic disease
Risk factors for AAA (4) ✔Correct Answer-1. male
2. family history
3. smoking
4. chronic hypertension
Saccular aneurysm ✔Correct Answer-localized round out pouching, may have small stalk
Fusiform aneurysm ✔Correct Answer-vessel wall stretched in circumferential manner (most
common)
Mycotic aneurysm ✔Correct Answer-infected aneurysm, seen with syphilis
Most common location of fusiform aneurysms ✔Correct Answer-infrarenal
At what diameter is surgical intervention done on an AAA ✔Correct Answer->5.5cm
Complications of AAA (5) ✔Correct Answer-1. rupture
2. decreased blood to lower extremities
3. thrombus accumulation and embolization (blue toe syndrome)
4. affects renal circulation and systemic blood pressure (if suprarenal)
5. compress IVC
Yin Yang Sign ✔Correct Answer-sonographic sign with AAA
swirling of blood in body of aneurysm on color doppler
Splanchnic artery aneurysm most commonly occurs in
What gender is this more common in ✔Correct Answer-splenic artery
women
Aneurysm in the hepatic artery most commonly occurs in what segment ✔Correct Answer-extra
hepatic
With endovascular aortic repair, what happens to the native aortic sac over time
What plane should it be measured in ✔Correct Answer-decreased in size
transverse
If aortic sac expands more than _____ between exams, a leak should be suspected ✔Correct
Answer-0.6 cm
Type I dissection
Type II dissection
Type III dissection ✔Correct Answer-ascending and descending aorta
ascending aorta, associated with Marfan syndrome
descending aorta
Marfan syndrome ✔Correct Answer-genetic disorder affecting connective tissue of heart, vessels,
bones
,Aortic rupture symptoms ✔Correct Answer-back pain
hypotension
Leriche syndrome (3) ✔Correct Answer-aortoiliac occlusive disease
occlusion of abdominal aorta just above CIA bif
causes bilateral lower extremity ischemia symptoms
Retroperitoneal fibrosis other name, most common location ✔Correct Answer-Ormond disease
most commonly at aortic bifurcation and inferiorly in pelvis
Retroperitoneal fibrosis sonographically (4) ✔Correct Answer-soft tissue mass surrounding great
vessels
hypoechoic
smooth borders
possible hydronephrosis (due to ureteral obstruction)
Abnormal dilation of the abdominal segment of the IVC measures ✔Correct Answer-> 2.5 cm
Normal Doppler flow of the IVC is ✔Correct Answer-triphasic
Most common variation of IVC anatomy ✔Correct Answer-duplicated IVC
infrarenal segment duplicated with left IVC entering left renal vein (suprarenal IVC normal)
Transposed IVC ✔Correct Answer-IVC on left side of abdomen (instead of right)
Interrupted IVC (3) ✔Correct Answer-IVC doesn't go to right atrium
enters azygos/hemiazygos veins to reach SVC
no intrahepatic segment
Causes of IVC dilation (5) ✔Correct Answer-1. right heart failure (most common)
2. congestive heart failure
3. pulmonary hypertension
4. mass effect
5. pregnancy
Greenfield Filter (3) ✔Correct Answer-prevents emboli from reaching lungs
infrarenal
echogenic "umbrella"
Most common malignancy to invade renal vein and IVC ✔Correct Answer-RCC (renal cell
carcinoma)
Liver is encapsulated by _____ capsule ✔Correct Answer-glisson
Portal triad includes ✔Correct Answer-portal vein
hepatic artery
bile duct
In pediatric patients, the liver shouldn't extend more than _____ below the costal margin
✔Correct Answer-1cm below
, The right hepatic vein (in right intersegmental fissure) divides the right lobe of the liver into what
segments
The left hepatic vein (in left intersegmental fissure) divides the left lobe of the liver into what
segments ✔Correct Answer-anterior and posterior segments
medial and lateral segments
Triangular ligament attaches the superior liver ✔Correct Answer-to the diaphragm
Falciform ligemant attaches the anterior surface of the liver ✔Correct Answer-to the abdominal
wall
Ligamentum teres is what
What is it also called ✔Correct Answer-remnant of umbilical vein
round ligament
Ligamentum venosum is ✔Correct Answer-remnant of ductus venosum from fetal circulation
(umbilical vein-left portal vein-ductus venosus-IVC-right atrium)
Hepatoduodenal ligament contains (3) ✔Correct Answer-MPV
hepatic artery
CBD
Branches of MPV ✔Correct Answer-RPPV
RAPV
LMPV
LLPV
MPV carries _____% of all blood entering liver, hepatic artery carries _____% ✔Correct Answer-
80
20
Normal portal vein diameter ✔Correct Answer-<13mm
What is the most common variation in hepatic vein anatomy ✔Correct Answer-accessory right
hepatic vein
Caroli disease ✔Correct Answer-congenital defect of bile ducts, numerous cysts in biliary tree
Caroli disease sonographically (3) ✔Correct Answer-1. focal cystic areas
2. connecting to biliary tree
3. resembles polycystic disease
Cyst criteria (5) ✔Correct Answer-1. smooth borders
2. regular walls
3. no internal echoes
4. through transmission
5. posterior enhancement
Hemorrhagic cyst sonographically (5) ✔Correct Answer-1. septations with fluid levels
Course) with all Correct & 100% Verified Answers|
Actual Complete Exam| Already Graded A+
What does an increased RI mean ✔Correct Answer-increased resistance in vascular bed
What does an increased pulsatility index mean ✔Correct Answer-increased resistance in vascular
bed
Normal PI for vessels supplying organs such as kidneys ✔Correct Answer-< 0.75
Hydrostatic pressure:
when supine
at ankle when standing
above heart when standing ✔Correct Answer-0 mmHg
100 mmHg
-30 mmHg
What vessel is the most posterior abdominal vessel ✔Correct Answer-aorta
Paired branches of the aorta (5) ✔Correct Answer-suprarenal arteries (adrenal glands)
renal arteries (kidneys)
gonadal arteries (ovaries/testicles)
lumbar arteries
common iliac arteries
Unpaired branches of the aorta (4) ✔Correct Answer-celiac axis (common hepatic, splenic, left
gastric arteries)
SMA
IMA
median sacral artery
What level common iliac arteries bifurcate ✔Correct Answer-L3-4
Decreased hematocrit may indicate what ✔Correct Answer-bleed in body
What happens to the aorta as you follow it distally (2) ✔Correct Answer-gets smaller
becomes more anterior
Aortic Ectasia ✔Correct Answer-lack of tapering of aorta as you move distally (can be precursor to
aneurysm)
AAA
What vessel walls are involved ✔Correct Answer-focal dilation of aorta >3cm or >50% diameter
between two adjacent segments
all three
,Most common cause of AAA ✔Correct Answer-atherosclerotic disease
Risk factors for AAA (4) ✔Correct Answer-1. male
2. family history
3. smoking
4. chronic hypertension
Saccular aneurysm ✔Correct Answer-localized round out pouching, may have small stalk
Fusiform aneurysm ✔Correct Answer-vessel wall stretched in circumferential manner (most
common)
Mycotic aneurysm ✔Correct Answer-infected aneurysm, seen with syphilis
Most common location of fusiform aneurysms ✔Correct Answer-infrarenal
At what diameter is surgical intervention done on an AAA ✔Correct Answer->5.5cm
Complications of AAA (5) ✔Correct Answer-1. rupture
2. decreased blood to lower extremities
3. thrombus accumulation and embolization (blue toe syndrome)
4. affects renal circulation and systemic blood pressure (if suprarenal)
5. compress IVC
Yin Yang Sign ✔Correct Answer-sonographic sign with AAA
swirling of blood in body of aneurysm on color doppler
Splanchnic artery aneurysm most commonly occurs in
What gender is this more common in ✔Correct Answer-splenic artery
women
Aneurysm in the hepatic artery most commonly occurs in what segment ✔Correct Answer-extra
hepatic
With endovascular aortic repair, what happens to the native aortic sac over time
What plane should it be measured in ✔Correct Answer-decreased in size
transverse
If aortic sac expands more than _____ between exams, a leak should be suspected ✔Correct
Answer-0.6 cm
Type I dissection
Type II dissection
Type III dissection ✔Correct Answer-ascending and descending aorta
ascending aorta, associated with Marfan syndrome
descending aorta
Marfan syndrome ✔Correct Answer-genetic disorder affecting connective tissue of heart, vessels,
bones
,Aortic rupture symptoms ✔Correct Answer-back pain
hypotension
Leriche syndrome (3) ✔Correct Answer-aortoiliac occlusive disease
occlusion of abdominal aorta just above CIA bif
causes bilateral lower extremity ischemia symptoms
Retroperitoneal fibrosis other name, most common location ✔Correct Answer-Ormond disease
most commonly at aortic bifurcation and inferiorly in pelvis
Retroperitoneal fibrosis sonographically (4) ✔Correct Answer-soft tissue mass surrounding great
vessels
hypoechoic
smooth borders
possible hydronephrosis (due to ureteral obstruction)
Abnormal dilation of the abdominal segment of the IVC measures ✔Correct Answer-> 2.5 cm
Normal Doppler flow of the IVC is ✔Correct Answer-triphasic
Most common variation of IVC anatomy ✔Correct Answer-duplicated IVC
infrarenal segment duplicated with left IVC entering left renal vein (suprarenal IVC normal)
Transposed IVC ✔Correct Answer-IVC on left side of abdomen (instead of right)
Interrupted IVC (3) ✔Correct Answer-IVC doesn't go to right atrium
enters azygos/hemiazygos veins to reach SVC
no intrahepatic segment
Causes of IVC dilation (5) ✔Correct Answer-1. right heart failure (most common)
2. congestive heart failure
3. pulmonary hypertension
4. mass effect
5. pregnancy
Greenfield Filter (3) ✔Correct Answer-prevents emboli from reaching lungs
infrarenal
echogenic "umbrella"
Most common malignancy to invade renal vein and IVC ✔Correct Answer-RCC (renal cell
carcinoma)
Liver is encapsulated by _____ capsule ✔Correct Answer-glisson
Portal triad includes ✔Correct Answer-portal vein
hepatic artery
bile duct
In pediatric patients, the liver shouldn't extend more than _____ below the costal margin
✔Correct Answer-1cm below
, The right hepatic vein (in right intersegmental fissure) divides the right lobe of the liver into what
segments
The left hepatic vein (in left intersegmental fissure) divides the left lobe of the liver into what
segments ✔Correct Answer-anterior and posterior segments
medial and lateral segments
Triangular ligament attaches the superior liver ✔Correct Answer-to the diaphragm
Falciform ligemant attaches the anterior surface of the liver ✔Correct Answer-to the abdominal
wall
Ligamentum teres is what
What is it also called ✔Correct Answer-remnant of umbilical vein
round ligament
Ligamentum venosum is ✔Correct Answer-remnant of ductus venosum from fetal circulation
(umbilical vein-left portal vein-ductus venosus-IVC-right atrium)
Hepatoduodenal ligament contains (3) ✔Correct Answer-MPV
hepatic artery
CBD
Branches of MPV ✔Correct Answer-RPPV
RAPV
LMPV
LLPV
MPV carries _____% of all blood entering liver, hepatic artery carries _____% ✔Correct Answer-
80
20
Normal portal vein diameter ✔Correct Answer-<13mm
What is the most common variation in hepatic vein anatomy ✔Correct Answer-accessory right
hepatic vein
Caroli disease ✔Correct Answer-congenital defect of bile ducts, numerous cysts in biliary tree
Caroli disease sonographically (3) ✔Correct Answer-1. focal cystic areas
2. connecting to biliary tree
3. resembles polycystic disease
Cyst criteria (5) ✔Correct Answer-1. smooth borders
2. regular walls
3. no internal echoes
4. through transmission
5. posterior enhancement
Hemorrhagic cyst sonographically (5) ✔Correct Answer-1. septations with fluid levels
